الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Down syndrome is a mahor cause of nental retardation and congential heart disease with a characteristic set of facial and physical features and other congenital anomalies. A wide spectrum of heart anomalies has been reported in DS, but the most common malformations are atrioventricular septal defects and ventricular septal defects. This study is carried out to determine the incidence and pattern cardiac malformations in children with DS and its relation to other phenotypic presentation and outcome of the disease. This study included 466 patients subjected to clinical examination, chest radiography, electrocardiography, Echocardiography and karyoytyping. IQ scora was done for only 136 patients. This study shows that congenital heart disease is present in more than 50% of DS patients and must be diagnosed by echocardiography once the patient is proved to be DS. VSD was found to be the commonest CHD in DS patients followed by ASD. The degree of mental retardation may have a relation to the presence of CHD as well as severity or complexity in DS patients.