الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was aimed to assess the efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as a root end filling material. For that purpose, MTA was compared to hot guttapercha and amalgam; two of the most commonly used root end filling materials. Forty five patients were selected for this study. They were divided into three groups, each of fifteen patients, for MTA, amalgam, or guttapercha as a root end filling material. from the results of this study it was found that a high success rate was achieved in those patients who had their root apices filled with MTA or amalgam. These findings may be due to adherence to ideal surgical steps, complete removal of pathology, proper removal of the infected apex, and adherence to manufacturer instructions. On the other hand, treatment outcome with guttapercha was inferior to that of amalgam and MTA. According to many authors, excessive microleakages with guttapercha increase failure rate by time due to increased amount of toxins that come through out the pulp canal. While MTA was significantly superior to guttapercha, the results of this study didn?t support the superiority of MTA to amalgam. However, MTA seems to be a promising material and longterm studies are mandatory to confirm its effectiveness.