الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In this study microbial pollution of Lake Manzala was done to evaluate The physicochemical characteristics of water samples taken from different sites representing the pollution condition such as, ElKapoty area, ElGamil outlet, ElBashtier area and ElMataryia area and bacteriological characteristics were done for water and fish samples taken from ElBashtier area and ElMataryia area where the increased human activities in this areas. The results showed the the eutrophic and pollution condition of the Lake where the parameters of pollutants exceeded the limits of national and International legislation, particularly the pollution indicators, such as the Total viable bacteria, Feacal coliforms and some pathogenic bacteria, Aeromonas spp, vibrio spp and Staphylococcus spp with high counts in water and fish parts and It was found statestically the positive correlation between some pathogens and salinity as well as the correlation between Aeromonas spp and Ammonia. Yersinia spp was identified in water and fishes of the Lake Using API20E system and revealed the existence of many species where Yersinia enterocolitica is the common species in this area. The Molecular pathogenesis work was done in the University of Munich, Germany, using transposon mutagenesis with pUTmTn5Km2 which has been succeeded to attenuate the virulence genes of pathogenic Yersinia pseudotuberculosis which are Nalidixin resistant which harbor the virulence plasmids and high pathogenicity island (HPI). The mutated clones were grown up on Kanamycine plates failed to kill mice. The application of subtractive hybrydization on the pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica O: 8, with PCR and sequencing technology succeeded to identify couple of two virulence genes, Perpiline peptidase and the Invasine homolog (inv) which could be (inv2) which was mutated to produce Kanamycine resistant clones using Et recombination. Application The study revealed the importance of evaluation the different pollutant particularly pathogenic bacteria in the Lake Water and fish with their relation to the surrounding population in this area. The Molecular pathogenesis analysis, such as transposon mutagenesis and subtractive hybrydization revealed the possibility of identifying new virulence genes and attenuation of such genes could produce new clones could be used in vaccines technology.