الفهرس 
• Histology of the nephronOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome in the first year of life continues to be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for both the pathologist and the pediatrician as an uncommon disorder that encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders with different etiologies, courses & prognoses. Categorization of nephrotic syndrome first year of life should be based, not on age, but rather on histopathology. Thus renal biopsy in those cases is crucial to determine the exact cause and to plan any further therapeutic procedures. This work aims to study the histopathological features of nephrotic syndrome in the first year of life in renal biopsies received from the nephrology unit in Mansoura university children hospital. Despite its rarity, our study included 54 cases collected in 4 years period (October/2002 - October/2006). By comparison with many other studies the number of cases in this study in this short period is considered to be relatively high. All the patients were subjected to full clinical examination and thorough laboratory investigations followed by percutaneous ultrasound guided renal biopsy. The most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in the first year of life in our locality was congenital nephrotic syndrome-Finnish type (CNF) (27.7%) followed by diffuse mesangial proliferative GN (25.9%) then diffuse mesangial sclerosis (14.8%). Congenital nephrotic syndrome-Finnish type occurred before 3 months of age (congenital) in (86.6%) of the cases, while DMS occurred exclusively in infants above 3 months of age (infantile). Cystically dilated proximal convoluted tubules was the striking pathological finding in all our diagnosed fifteen cases of Congenital nephrotic syndrome-Finnish type even those biopsies taken from neonates as young as 1 month old. One of our cases was associated with microcephaly and was diagnosed as Galloway-Mowatt syndrome. In conclusion, renal biopsy is crucial and plays a golden rule in diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome in the first year of life thus should be performed in all cases. The most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in the first year of life in our locality was congenital nephrotic syndrome-Finnish type (CNF).