الفهرس 
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Abstract
Introduction: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) is usually performed for the treatment of hematopoietic diseases associated with abnormal or malignant marrow and during intensive therapy for solid malignant tumors in combination with chemotherapy and /or radiation therapy. GVHD is one of the major complications after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) , but it is not easy to anticipate its onset.T-cells and IL-2R represent the afferent phase of acute GVHD and ICAM-1 is involved in the efferent phase of acute GVHD. Aim of the work: we planned this study to determine CD25 and CD54 expression as useful markers of acute GVHD and its grading. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 38 subjects who underwent bone marrow transplantation ; 25 subjects with allogeneic BMT from HLA matched related donors and 13 subjects with autologous BMT as a control group. All patients were selected from the bone marrow transplantation unit of Nasser Institute Hospital. We also examined 10 healthy subjects of matched age and sex to act as a normal control group. Peripheral blood samples were taken on EDTA solution, and analysed for determination of CD25, CD54, CD 3, CD 4, and CD 8 expressions by the Flow Cytometer to explore their role in the diagnosis of GVHD. Results: The mean % of CD25 expression was statistically significantly higher in patients with allogeneic BMT (mean 21.17 11.48) than both the autologous control group (mean 5.01 2.62), and the normal control group (mean 2.4 0.4) ”P<0.05%”,but CD 25 expression was statistically insignificantly higher in patients with GVHD grades 2-4 (mean 16.3512.2%) than patients with GVHD grade 1 (mean 9.1 16.8%). The mean % of CD54 was statistically insignificantly higher in patients with allogeneic BMT (mean 11.29 9.08) than in patients with autologous BMT (mean 4.341.57). But it was statistically significantly higher in allogeneic BMT group compared to normal control group (mean 2 0.4),moreover, the mean % of CD54 was statstically insignificantly higher in patients with GVHD grades 2-4 (mean 23.3 5.49) than in patients with GVHD grade 1 (mean 15.11 13.9). Conculsion: L-2R (CD25) can be used as a useful marker for acute GVHD but not for its grading. ICAM-1 (CD54) is not considered as a useful marker for acute GVHD or its grading. Recommendation: 1-Further studies on a large group of patients are recommended to establish the clinical significance of IL-2R (CD25) and ICAM-1(CD54) in the assessment of GVHD occurrence and its grading. 2- IL2R and ICAM-1 expressions should be estimated before and after BMT for reliable evaluation. 3- Serial measurment of IL2R and ICAM-1 expression are preferable than single assay of their levels for anticipating GVHD so that it can be prevented or properly managed and controlled.