الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine the anatomical characters of the lower esophageal segment (LES) in man and to establish a correlation between these anatomical Manomettic studies of the lower esophageal sphincter were performed in’ 25 normal volunteers. The uetric characteristics of the lower esophageal sphincter were detenuined. For upper gastro- intestinal endoscopy, 12 normal volunteers were screened gastro-intestinal fibrotic endoscope GIF-K2 type For histological exanimations, 22 adult normal human specielnens were used; 10 for longitudinal sections and 12 for transverse sections.