الفهرس 
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Abstract
Laparoscopic ultrasonography (LUS) is a new diagnostic tool that provides a highly accurate mean of examining pancreatico-biliary structures and disease process (e.g. CBD stones, pancreatic cyst or tumors and biliary tree tumor in real-time, replacing and exceeding the tactile sense of open surgery lost with minimally invasive approach. LUS is reproducible, non invasive , easily repeated, more sensitive (96%) and more specific (100%) than intraoperative cholangiography (LO.C.) (sensitivity 95% and specificity 98%), and takes shorter time (10.2 min) than LO.C. (17.9 min). LUS, also has no complications but, for LUS a considerable learning curve is necessary to optimize its efficacy. In conclusion we recommend the use of LUS during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LiC”) for detection of biliary ducts stones, bile ducts integrity, the anatomy of hepatoduodenalligaments and Calot’s triangle and blood vessels anomalies. This is to achieve a safe L.C. (either emergent, urgent or elective L.c.).