الفهرس 
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Abstract
Torsional malalignmet Syndrome is firist seen as a marked abnormality in the appearace of the involved lower extremities, resulting in an abnormel axis of joint motion relative to the line of progression, this may lead to patallofemoral malalignment with subsequent anterior knee pain which may be signifilant enough to interfere with function. Torsional mal alignment can occur at any point between the hips and feet and may present a combination of deformities. To determine the level of the deformity the rotational profile can be applied to establish the diagnosis and to evaluate the severity of the rotational problem, this torsionel profile includes foot progression angle, hip rotation, thigh foot angle and angle of transmalleolar axis. Imaging studies help to confirm the clinical diagnosis and are particulary helpful in preoperative planning espesially in complex deformities as torsional malalignmet Syndrome. Assessment radiographically has been described using plain radiography, flouroscopy, ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging however plain radiography necessitetes critical patient positioning and special positioning devices. Non ionizing techniques for determining torsional malalignment using ultrasonography has been recently introduced and, it is a desirable technique being safe and rapid procedure, however computerized tomograply prodvides accurate technique for measuring femoral ante version and tibial torsion apart from the radiation .