الفهرس 
Introduction & Aim of the work.Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hip fractures, either subcapital or trochanteric, are now the commonest operative emergency in the elderly, and their incidence is increasing. (1) Approximately 200.000 hip fractures occur annually in the united states accounting for 30 percent of all patients hospitalized for the treatment of fractures (2) Although common in Egypt, yet there is no similar statistical study. Evans and others, (1949) reported that patients with inter-trochanteric fractures were 10 to 12 years older than those with intracapsular femoral neck fractures. (3) The average age reported in these patients was 66 to 76 yaers of age. The ratio of females males to males ranges form 2 to 1 to 8 to 1(4). This higher incidence in females was attributed to metabolic bone changes, which occur after menopause (6). Morris, found extracapsular fractures to be four times as common as femoral neck fractures . These fractures frequently occur through osteoporotic, osteomalcic bone and occasionally pagetoid bone (7). Being mostly elder , such patients usually suffering from many systemic diseases. These diseases may be cerebral atherosclerosis, psychosis, hypertension, diabetes, senility, cardiovascular, pulmonary or urinary disorders (8). These systemic troubles are added to the local complication of osteoprosis and comminution at the fracture site (9). An increase in morbidity and mortality associated with closed methods of treatment for intertrochanteric fractures led to a general agreement for internal fixation of such fractures (5,8,9,10,11). Prolonged bed recumbency with closed methods of treatment expose the patient.