الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 102 |  |  |
| | | from | 102 | | |
Abstract
Preeclampsia is one of the most dangerous diseases affecting about 10 percent of pregnant ladies during the second half of pregnancy and is one of the commonest cause of pregnancy related maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. The pathogenesis involved In preeclampsia is still largely unkowen. A lot of theories are postulated, but none can point to the actual etiology. Of these are, abnormal trophoblastic invasion, immunological theory, abnormally increased pressor response, disturbed prostaglandins level, generalised vasospasm, abnormal niric oxide level, hyperdynamic circulation, hyperplacentosis, and disturbed blood level of B- endorphin. As the disaese is thought to be a great threat for the mother and her baby, many protocols have been studied aiming for early prediction and adequate prevention of it. Despite there is no solid predictive lines or knowen preventive measures, many authors investigated how to predict and how, as much as, we can prevent the disease. For the prediction many protocols were suggested, e.g: clinical line, laboratory line, and radiologiocalline. Clinical data include, history of previous disease, chronic hypertension, chronic renal disease, family history, history of diabetus mellitus, age, race of the patient, as well as general examination of the lady. Laboratory tests to predict the disease include testing of the blood or urine for certain substances. Testing of urine includes, urinary excretion of calcium, for protein, kallikrein kinine system, and N-acetyle beta D-glucoseaminodase enzyme. From the blood one can test, blood urates level, blood platelets, clotting alteration and platelets activity, changes in antithrombin III, fibronectin level, digoxin like immune reactive substance and platelets All binding. Others used angiotensin II sensitivity test in prediction. Doppler ultrasound studies have been postulated for prediction depending upon the changes observed in uterine and umblical blood vessels. Transvaginal ultrasound, also, have been reported by some to be effective in prediction. On looking to the prevention, it is still largely a problem as the actual event impilicated in the disaese process is hidden. Many lines were put for prevention, including early detection and good prediction, pharmacological line for prevention, and lastly a dietary line for prevention. Early detection and good prediction is considered by some to be of great preventive value as women are usually asymptomatic and rarely can observe the signs of incipient disease. Pharmacological line was and still occupy a large area of investigatory tools. Some drugs were actually used meanwhile the others still under trial. Examples of the widely used drugs are: aspirin, antiplatelets drugs (dipyridamole), low molecular weight heparine,and thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitors. (orgazone & ozagrel). The widely used drug was and still aspirin which have been studied by many multicentric trials (e.g CLASP & BLASP). In conclusion, preeclampsia remains a major problem in of obstetrics despite the great work in such field that tries out to discover the nature of the disease and how to predict or prevent it and we still in need a lot to reach that goal.