الفهرس 
anatomy of anoractal muscul atureeOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The normal anal continence considered on Of the most important physiologic mechanisms in the body and of great social value as the patients with anal incontinence suffer from great embarrasssment which make them isolated from the society. Also unclear understanding of many doctors about the various methods of management of this problem make some of them select colostomy operation as method of treatment while there are many other methods fo~ treatment. The accurate understanding of the anorectal musculature is of importance to know the aetiology and the treatment of this problem. The anal canal surrounded by voluntary external sphincter and involuntary internal sphincter. The external sphincter have three parts subcutaneous, superficial and deep parts. The internal sphincter is a continuation of the circular muscle of the rectum. The anal continence depend on many factors which are :1- The anal canal high pressure zone. 2- The anorectal angle. 3- The flutter valve.4- The flap valve. 5- The ano-rectal reflex mechanisms. 6- The rectal distensibility tone and capacity. 7- Stool volume and consistency. 8- Colonic and rectal motility.