الفهرس 
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Abstract
A randomized double blind study was performed on 48 adult male patients (ASAl) scheduled for inguinal herniorraphy, admitted at MANSOURA MAIN UNIVERSITY HOSPIT AL. The study was approved by the ethical and scientific committee of the hospital, and a written consent was obtained from all patients before the study.
Patients were randomly classified into 6 groups according to the dose of epidural ketamine given:
Group!: 0 mg. ketamine + 30 ml. 0.250/0 bupivacaine (control group). Group 2: 10 mg. ketamine + 30 ml. 0.25% bupivacaine.
Group 3: 20 mg. ketamine + 30 ml. 0.25% bupivacaine.
Group 4: 30mg. ketamine + 30 ml. 0.25% bupivacaine.
Group 5: 40mg. ketamine + 30 ml. 0.25% bupivacaine.
Group 6: 50mg. ketamine + 30 ml. 0.25% bupivacaine.
The quality of analgesia was assessed by visual analogue score (0 = no pam, 10 = the worst possible pain). The duration of analgesia was recorded for each group. Haemodynamics (heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure), arterial oxygen saturation and concomitant events were recorded both intra-, and post-operatively for 24 hours. Data obtained were analyzed statistically using a suitable computer program for both parametric and non-parametric data.
The study revealed that pre-emptive epidural ketamine could be used for moderate lower abdominal surgery with evidence of excellent pain relief for about 20 hours (dose 40 mg. = group 5) nearly without evidence of respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting or urine retention, beside haemodynamic stability.