الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was done to evaluate the effect of Equine Heterologous Bone Tissue on healing of jaw bone defects. To reach the aim of this study, it was composed of two different parts, an experimental and a clinical study. Material and methods: The experimental part: Thirty adult male guinea pigs weighting 400500 grams were used in this study. Each animal was subjected to implantation of the Equine Heterologous Bone Tissue, in an induced bony cavity through the right anterior area of the mandibular body. A similar bony cavity was made on the left side to serve as a control. The animals were divided into 3 equal groups, each comprising 10 animals according to the predetermined times of animal sacrifice (15,30,45 days) post surgically. The specimens were immediately fixed in 10%formaline solution and processed to be stained with: 1 Haematoxylin and Eosin stain 2 TriChrome stain. The clinical part: The clinical study included twelve healthy patients of both sexes with age range between (1630) years old. After surgical removal of certain periapical pathoses with apicectomy of one or more of the anterior teeth, they were classified into two equal groups, each comprised six. The resultant surgical defects were grafted with Equine Heterologous Bone Tissue in one group, while the other group will serve as a control. Patients were recalled one, three, and six months post operatively for clinical examination and radiographic assessment. Results: Histological Results: Both Hx and E, and TriChrome stains showed the appearance of new bone trabeculae in the control group that increase gradually to fill the bony cavity with spongy bone at 45 days post operatively. In the experimental group, new bone trabeculae formed after 15 days that increased gradually and in a faster manner to completely fill the bony cavity after 45 days with mature compact bone. Clinical results: Equine heterologous Bone Tissue was a well tolerable, biocompatible grafting material. Radiographic assessment: In the control group, radiographs revealed that the immediate radioleucency representing the resultant bony defect had gradually decrease in size and became radioopaque indicating that gradual new bone formation had occured at the periphery extending toward the center to fill the bony defects. In the study group, the radioopacity of the grafted material had gradually decreased from one to three months post operatively. At six months, the grafted material became completely consolidated into the surrounding bone with marked reduction in the defect size. Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that Equine Heterologous Bone Tissue is an effective osteoconductive material that enhances bone regeneration.