الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A machine for seedbed preparation after Rice harvesting was developed using the residual Rice crop as an organic matter in soil without its elimination by methods that cause environmental pollution. The proposition machine is a sowing machine without furrows opener. It consists of seed box having a bent front with eight gates. This box contains a shaft for reversing seeds. Feeding shaft is fixed in the bottom of seed box. It machine takes the motion from special land wheel by gearbox and chains. It is fixed on rotary tiller having 36 shares making a combine unit for seedbed preparation and mixing residual crops in soil layers during the sowing at onestep. The developed machine is prepared to sow by three different methods as follows: Bandwidth sowing: a unit for seed distribution is fixed in the end of the seed tube, which distribute the seeds making width tapes. Band sowing: the seed tubes are fixed at equal distance. The end of these tubes set above 20 cm from the soil surface that leads to seed distribution making tapes behind the machine. Storm sowing: seed tubes penetrate the cover of rotary tiller and fixed at 20 cm from soil surface to distribute the seeds in the disturbed soil behind shares of rotary tiller. This leads to random seed distribution with total width of plowing. In this study, the seedbed preparation systems were chosen according to (ASAE, 1984): Reduced tillage treatment (R): ?rotary tiller once?. Conservation tillage treatment (Ch.R): ?chisel plow once followed by rotary tiller ?. The developed machine was used for seedbed preparation and sowing Clover and Wheat crops in two different fields; First site is a private farm (loamy Clay soil) at Abo katafa village Kafer El Shiekh governorate. Second site is a private farm (Clay soil) at Koom ElDerby village Dakhalia governorate. The results from the present study may be summarized in the following points: Using rotary tiller in reduced and conservation tillage systems lead to the amalgamation of Rice straw into the soil, moreover accomplishing a clean seedbed. Using bandwidth and band sowing methods recorded higher crop yield with 20% and 11% respectively more than storm sowing in both of Clover and Wheat crops. the conservation tillage treatment gave the highest crop yield compared with the reduced tillage treatment in both of the bandwidth sowing, band sowing and storm sowing. Therefore, the combine machine is suitable for directly mechanization Clover and Wheat crops sowing after Rice harvesting consideration using the bandwidth sowing method with the different seedbed preparation.