الفهرس 
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Abstract
It is well Known that the gas turbines has become an established. Prime mover in a wide range of application. Apart from aircraft applications, it is Used in marine propulsion, power generation, alone or in a combined gas arid steam cycle.it is also widely Used in oil industry to drive pumps and compressors. .
As usual, technology precedes theory; it only after the early successful. turbo—jet engine that the thermodynamic cycle of gas turbine — the Joule cycle was extensively elaborated. Variations of this simple cycle were exhaustively studied notably by Hodge. For example the reversed cycle was studied for refrigeration and heat pumps • It was actually applying refrigeration with success. A special and interesting
variant of the gas turbine cycle, namely, the Inverted cycle, wee introduced, by Hodge in his book “ Gas turbine Cycles and Performance Estimation “.