الفهرس 
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Abstract
A.baumannii. These results indicated that the amplified ITS gene gave the same genus identification as full sequence data from all 23 isolates evaluated. PCR was proceeded to detect blaOXA-51 like gene which is exclusive to A. baumannii. The resistance levels to different groups of antimicrobial agents were clarified. PCR was used to detect the different Ambler class b-lactamases encoding the following genes: bla OXA-23, bla OXA-24, bla OXA-51, and bla OXA-58 were detected by PCR. The results are that Among the 23 carbapenem resistance strain, 8 strains were detected positive for the presence of OXA-23 gene, 16 strains were detected positive for the presence of OXA-24 gene & 4 strains were detected positive for the presence of OXA-58. ERIC & RAPD PCR techniques used for grouping the A.baumannii strains and the results show that based on ERIC the 23 strains typed into 12 different groups and based on the RAPD it typed into 14 different groups.
Multiple mechanisms involved for carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter spp. and therefore, understanding carbapenem resistance mechanisms might be crucial for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. However, it will be an important approach soon if one attempt to develop possible targets of new agents to control antimicrobial resistance in community-acquired pathogens such as Acinetobacter spp. A.baumannii is an important opportunistic pathogen that has a considerable capacity to acquire mechanisms conferring resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial drugs.