الفهرس 
Challenges and the dominance of internal combustion enginesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The escalating impacts of global warming and the dwindling reservoirs of
fossil fuels have spurred nations to shift their focus towards electrifying the transportation sector. This sector, responsible for a significant 27% of
greenhouse gas emissions and substantial fossil fuel consumption, necessitates
urgent attention. Addressing the challenges posed by Electric Vehicles (EVs) concerning both mileage and cost is paramount, with the efficiency of the motor system playing a pivotal role. In response to these challenges, in-wheel motors (IWMs) have emerged as a promising solution. Positioned inside the wheel rim, they facilitate the direct transmission of motor torque and speed to the wheel, obviating the need for a mechanical transmission system. This innovation brings about a multitude of benefits, including reduced weight, decreased maintenance requirements, enhanced design flexibility, and heightened efficiency. Consequently, the adoption of IWMs has the potential to significantly improve EV mileage while simultaneously reducing costs. The scope of this thesis encompasses an exploration of various motor types utilized in EVs, with a particular focus on IWM drives. It aims to present a comprehensive analysis of their advantages, disadvantages, and recent advancements in research. Among
the diverse range of motor types examined, the outer rotor surface-mounted Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PM BLDC) motor emerges as particularly
noteworthy for IWM systems. Renowned for its high efficiency, torque, and
power density, this motor type holds significant promise for the future of
electric propulsion in transportation.
For EVs, a system is proposed that is characterized by its simplicity in
implementation, compact size, affordability, and swift, dependable response. This system consists of a BLDC motor, a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller, variable input voltage as a control technique, and an Arduino microcontroller. Both modeling and simulation using Matlab/Simulink, along with experimental setups, are utilized for analysis purposes. The PI controller parameters are tuned for three sets of values, resulting in simulations and experimental speed responses. Among these, the selected parameter set exhibits rapid, stable, and
reliable responses across different scenarios. This demonstrates the
effectiveness of the proposed system in achieving superior performance while
maintaining low costs, compact dimensions, and straightforward
implementation. This is made possible by minimizing current and torque ripples.