الفهرس 
AIM OF STUDYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Plant parts play a crucial function to protect organisms from the
toxic/carcinogenic effects of some compounds. The present study was
carried out to investigate the protective effects of Graviola aqueous
extract (GAE) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) which induced hepatic
injury in rats. Thirty male albino Wistar rats were divided into five
groups: group I was used as controls, group II received daily GAE (300
mg/kg bw) alone orally for six weeks, group III received by IP injection
CCl4 in olive oil (50% V/V, 2 ml/kg bw), twice a week for two weeks,
group IV, CCl4+GAE (curative group) injected CCl4 twice a week for
two weeks then concomitant with GAE (300 mg/kg BW) daily for next
four weeks, and group V, GAE+CCl4 (prophylactic group), received
GAE, 300 mg/kg/day once daily orally four weeks, then concomitant with
CCl4 twice a week for next two weeks. The obtained results showed that
the administration of CCl4 caused hepatotoxicity as monitored by the
significant (p≤0.05) increase in the levels of hepatic markers enzymes
(alanine aminotransferase, ALT, aspartate aminotransferase, AST and
alkaline phosphatase, ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and a decrease in
hematological parameters such as white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell
count (RBC), and blood platelet count (PLT). Also, our results showed
that CCl4 caused a significant (p≤0.05) increase in oxidative stress
markers (malondialdehyde, MDA, reactive oxygen species, ROS, nitric
oxide, NO), pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α,)
level, and proapoptotic markers caspase-3, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-
2)-like protein 4 (Bax). Furthermore, a significant (p≤0.05) decrease in
superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase
(GSH-Px), reduced glutathione (GSH), and an antiapoptotic agent B-cell
lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) was observed in liver tissue. The detected CCl4
effects were normalized by GAE administration, either a prophylactic or
curative dose. Besides, GAE reduced the histopathological changes
induced by CCl4.In conclusion, GAE was effective in both protecting and
enhancing the liver deficits induced by CCl4 through many potential
mechanisms including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic
properties. Therefore, Graviola extracts up to 300 (mg/kg bw) could be
considered a promising hepatoprotective supplement but more human
clinical trials are also needed to validate the findings of the current
research.