الفهرس 
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Abstract
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease affecting nearly all physiological functions in the body resulting in an increase in morbidity and mortality. The adipose tissue (AT) is a highly active metabolic organ that plays an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis.
AT remodeling is a continuous well-orchestrated mechanism modulated by the coordinated response of AT resident cell types. In obesity, the adipose tissue expands beyond its capacity resulting in persistent hypoxia, followed by increased angiogenesis, extracellular matrix overproduction and immune cell infiltration.
Exercise is considered as an important intervention for treatment of several diseases including obesity. Moderate exercise is of great choice in preventing obesity. It may provide long lasting protection against cardiometabolic changes induced by HFD. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of moderate swimming exercise on adipose tissue gene expression in HFD-induced obesity in rats.
This study was conducted on 40 male wistar rats aged (2-3 months). Rats were firstly randomly divided into two main groups. group I (normal control): Rats of this group received standard diet containing for 12 weeks and served as control. group II (HFD): Rats of this group received a high fat diet for one month. The Rats of group II were further subdivided into 4 equal subgroups: Sedentary, exercise, vitamin D supplemented and combined groups. After 4 weeks from the beginning of the experiment, rats of subgroups (exercise, combined) experienced moderate exercise, swimming program for 8 weeks. The moderate swimming exercise program included 2 phases: adaptation and training. Adaptation training time was gradually increased from 10 min in the first week to reach 30 min. After one week of adaptation, the training phase started. Rats of both exercise and combined sub groups were assigned to swim for 30 min /day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. VD supplemented group received oral VD in dose of 10 µg/ kg/day for 8 weeks.