الفهرس 
Problem of the studyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The major industrial countries adopt eco-friendly industrial policies, and Egypt should take the initiative to adopt this policy to be on par with advanced countries. In the field of clothing and textile manufacturing, dyeing is one of the main processes in the industry and a major source of environmental pollution. This is due to the use of many chemicals in this process, in addition to the vast amounts of produced wastewater loaded with chemicals.
Furthermore, synthetic dyes pose specific problems due to their direct health hazards to humans, such as causing skin allergies, containing carcinogenic dyes, or having toxic effects. Consequently, the developed world is once again turning its attention to eco-friendly products. Therefore, those working in this industry should resort to alternative materials and methods that are considered eco-friendly and low in pollution or use safe and clean methods. This would help produce products with minimal negative impacts on the environment.
With the emergence of the term ”eco-friendly products” and the shift towards using natural dyes instead of synthetic ones, researchers and manufacturers in Egypt must advance the dyeing industry of fibers and textiles to reach the ranks of major countries and work on finding alternative solutions to reduce pollution resulting from this industry. Some research has addressed well-known natural dyes, such as yellow and blue dyes.
In this study, we will focus on a dye that has been rarely addressed in research and scientific experiments, which is the dye extracted from chlorophyll or green dye. We will study some variables that affect it since green is the color that God bestowed upon the universe. It takes its place in the color wheel between blue in coolness and yellow in heat and warmth. Therefore, it blends arousing emotions with warmth and invites calmness and sobriety. When it leans towards the warmth of yellow, it is characterized by vitality, warmth, and optimism.
Through this, the research problem can be identified as how to extract the green dye from chlorophyll and how to obtain color grades with excellent properties using 100% cotton fabric, and the extent of improving the color properties of cotton using eco-friendly green dye.
Importance of the study;
1. Keeping pace with the global trend towards achieving eco-friendly industries.
2. The possibility of maximizing the economic exploitation of available resources in a scientific and eco-friendly manner.
The aims of the study:
1. Highlighting chlorophyll dye and extracting natural green dyes from the leaves of the Sesbania tree, Melia azedarach tree, and parsley.
2. Studying the factors affecting the color properties of the green dyes under study.
3. Identifying the best dyeing conditions used to improve the dyes under study.
This study included 4 chapters: The first chapter contained the introduction, research problem, its importance, objectives, methodology, scientific terminology, and previous studies. The second chapter covered theoretical studies and consisted of four sections. The first section discussed the cotton material, its history, chemical and physical properties, and the factors affecting it. The second section addressed dyeing, its types, classification, and eco-friendly dyeing. The third section discussed the green dye, chlorophyll properties, and theoretical studies on the plants used in extracting the green dye in this study (Sesbania, Melia azedarach, and parsley). The forth section covered the types of mordants used in the study (ferrous sulfate, aluminum sulfate ”alum”).
The third chapter discussed the practical study and included the materials and methods used to extract and prepare the green dye, different dyeing methods (using two dye concentrations (10%, 20%) with various mordanting methods (without mordanting – pre-mordanting– Simultaneous– post-mordanting). The study measurements included:
- Color measurements (k/s) and (l*b*c*).
- Colorfastness to various factors {light, rubbing (wet and dry)، washing, and perspiration (acidic and alkaline)}.
- Textile tests {tensile strength and elongation}: (in the warp direction - in the weft direction) and square meter weight.
The fourth chapter included the results, discussion, statistical methods used, and the presentation of results related to the study hypotheses and the interpretation of the results according to the study variables, which include ”types of plants used in extracting the green dye, the concentration of the dye used, and the different mordanting methods.”
The research concluded with presenting the results, which were as follows:
1- Color measurements, the highest value was given when using a dye concentration of 20 grams in the mordanting process pre-mordanting and the post-mordanting.
2- The colorfastness to washing, rubbing, and perspiration showed that the highest values were obtained when dyeing fabrics using the mordanting process pre-mordanting and the post-mordanting; using both concentrations and both mordants.
3- Textile tests: There is a little difference in the weight of the square meter of the samples.
The best samples in terms of tensile strength, and elongation tests are the samples that used the concentration 20%, the type of treated material (ferrous sulfate, in the two cases of mordanting pre-Mordanting and post-mordanting).
The recommendations reached by the researcher in light of the results obtained were also presented, along with the references used in the study