الفهرس 
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Abstract
Intramedullary nailing has been the method of choice for most acute
femoral shaft fractures in adult; however complication rate such as
infection, shorting and nonunion has increased.
Despite the advances in trauma care, nonunion still occur. Nonunion
is defined as fractured bone that has not shown progression toward
healing over 6 consecutive months on serial radiographs , many authors
suggest that optimum time for healing is from 4 to 12 months depends
on the bone in question, the location of fracture , the nature of the injury and
quality of soft tissue.
There are four main causes of nonunion: motion, avascularity,
stripping, fracture gap, and infection.
Nonunion are classically categorized as hypertrophic, normotrophic,
and atrophic. Hypertrophic presents radiologically with abundant callus
and persistent radiolucent line at the fracture site while a normotrophic
non-union has minimal callus but relatively normal bone ends with no
resorption, atrophic is characterized by absence of callus resorption of boneresorption, atrophic is characterized by absence of callus resorption of bone
ends and significant fracture gap.
Although various methods including exchanging a nail, dynamization,
plate augmentation and autogenous bone grafting have been introduced for
the treatment of aseptic nonunion, there is no universally accepted
approach or algorithm to assess and treat the aseptic nonunion of the femur
after intramedullary nailing.
So in this study we aim to assess the results of revision of aseptic non
united femoral shaft fractures previously fixed with inter-locking femoral nail
by anatomical intra medullary nail.