الفهرس 
Aim of studyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem worldwide. DM become a global epidemic as its prevalence is steadily increasing everywhere at an alarming rate. It’s characterized by hyperglycemia this is because the pancreas does not secrete enough insulin, or the body does not use the insulin properly (insulin resistance). Despite the availability of many plants and medicines that treat diabetes, herbal medicine is still a source among the treatments used and low cost and cultural compatibility may encourage the use of medicinal herbs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the biological and nutritional benefit of capsules and aqueous extract of ginkgo biloba on diabetic mice.
To verify the objectives of this study ,The design of the study was as follows:
Forty adult male white albino rats, weighing (155±5g) were used in this experiment,they were fed on basal diet for one week as an adaptation period After this adaptation period, 40 rats were divided into 8 groups, each group which consists of 5 rats as follows:
• group (1): Rats were fed on basal diet throughout the experiment period as a negative control group.
• group (2): Rats were fed on basal diet throughout the experiment and injected by alloxan 150 mg / kg of body weight as a positive control group.
• group (3): A group of Diabetic rats were treated with aqueous extract of ginkgo biloba 100mg/kg of body weight.
• group (4): A group of Diabetic rats were treated with aqueous extract of ginkgo biloba 200 mg/kg of body weight.
• group (5): A group of Diabetic rats were treated with aqueous extract of ginkgo biloba 300mg/kg of body weight.
• group (6): A group of Diabetic rats were treated with ginkgo capsules at dose of 4.68mg/day.
• group (7): A group of Diabetic rats were treated with ginkgo capsules at dose of 9.36 mg/day.
• group (8(: A group of Diabetic rats were treated with mixture of aqueous extract of ginkgo biloba 100mg/kg of body weight and ginkgo capsules at dose of 4.68mg/day.
The experiment period was taking 28 days, at the end of experimental period each rat weighed separately then, rats were slaughtered and collected blood samples after 12 hour fasting two kinds of blood samples were taken. the first parts of blood samples were collected into a anti coagulant tube,to estimate the complete blood count.The second parts of blood samples were collected into clean dry centrifuge tubes , then centrifuged for 15mn\ 3000rpm to separate the serum to estimate the following: (Glucose, Insulin, lipids profile (total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein(HDL-c), liver function (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparatate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)and kidney function(creatinine, urea and uric acid).
At the same time, the organs: kidney, liver, heart and lung were removed, washed in saline solution, dried by filter paper and weighed it.
Biological evaluation of rats: By calculating the increase in body weight, dietary intake, food efficiency rate and weight of internal organs.
A chemical analysis of the ginkgo herb was conducted to find out the percentage of each of (carbohydrates, protein, fat, fiber, ash), and estimate the active compounds present in the ginkgo extract, which include (total phenols and total flavonoids) and identify the phenolic compounds directed in the extract using the HPLC device.
- Statistical analysis: The results were analyzed using SPSS Program To get results, tabulate and comment on them.
The most important results obtained summarized as follows:
1- Chemical composition of Ginkgo biloba bowder :
The results demonstrated that leaves of ginkgo biloba content 10.6% moisture - 12.95% protein - 4.9% fat - 0.72% Ash - 10.48% Fiber -60.35% Carbohydrates. The highest values was recorded for Carbohydrates, while the lowest value was recorded forAsh.
2-Bioactive compounds found in Ginkgo biloba Extract:
Results indicated that ginkgo biloba extract has the important bioactive compounds such as total phenolic and total Flavonoids. The values were 81.43±1.289 mg (gal)/gm) and 24.23 ±0.550 mg (QuE)/gm).
3-phenolics compounds of found in Ginkgo biloba Extract:
It’s clear to mention that the highest Phenolic compound recorded for Chlorogenic acid, Gallic acid and Pyro catechol. The values were 16386.98, 3331.63, and 1519.58(µg/g), respectively. While the lowest phenolic compound recorded for Cinnamic acid, Daidzein and Hesperetin. The values were 17.90, 21.73, and 21.87(µg/g), respectively.
4-The effect of Capsules and aqueous extract of Ginkgo biloba on body weight gain (BWG), food intake (FI) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of diabetic rats:
a. The mean value of BWG, FI, and FER of positive control group was lower than negative control group with significant difference (P≤0.05).
b. Regarding to the three groups treated with three different concentrations of GBE, the BWG, FI and FER has improved at (P≤0.05) when compared with positive control group, the lowest result recorded for G3 treated with (100 mg/kg B.W),while the highest result recorded for G5 treated with (300 mg/kg B.W).