الفهرس 
Physical functions:Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Feminine hormones are specialized chemical substances secreted from the endocrine system in the body to control all body functions. Feminine hormones play an extremely important role in multiple functions in the body, and both estrogen and progestogen are the main female hormones in women. Although the most important female hormones are estrogen and progesterone, and testosterone is the male hormone, females produce a small amount of it.
Estrogen is the main female hormone. Most of the estrogen concentration is secreted by the ovaries, but small amounts are produced in the adrenal glands and fat cells.
During pregnancy, the placenta also secretes an amount of estrogen, which also plays an important role in reproductive and sexual development, including (puberty - menstruation - pregnancy - menopause). Estrogen also affects the following: (the brain - the cardiovascular system - hair - Musculoskeletal system - skin - urinary tract)
7.1. Marjoram plant (Majorana Hortensis)
It is an aromatic plant from the mint group that grows on sunny slopes in meadows, fields and stony lands in dry climates. It is widely grown in the southern regions of Saudi Arabia.
It is widely used in the food industry as a seasoning for meat and vegetables. It is recommended not to take it during pregnancy, because it is an active uterine stimulant.
He explained that the marjoram plant has an important role in regulating the menstrual cycle and restoring the balance of natural hormones in women suffering from hormonal disorders. The level of hormones was tested in some women, and then they drank the marjoram plant twice a day. The experiment showed a decrease in the level of adrenal androgens (adrenal androgens). Adrenal androgens, which are hormones secreted by the adrenal gland, thus restoring the hormonal balance in the body, which leads to protecting the ovaries from Polycystic ovary syndrome
7.1.1. Benefits of marjoram for women:
It relieves the symptoms that accompany the menstrual cycle. Marjoram oil helps blood flow in the uterus and pelvic area, thus alleviating the symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle, such as: mood swings, headaches, dizziness, and abdominal pain. Its oil relieves menstrual cramps. Marjoram oil helps relieve menstrual pain when Applying it topically to the lower abdomen area, marjoram contributes to regulating the menstrual cycle, in addition to helping to treat the symptoms that accompany menopause. Marjoram treats hormonal imbalance, as marjoram contributes to reducing the levels of adrenal androgens and improving insulin sensitivity, and this is important for women. Those who suffer from polycystic ovary syndrome. It helps in the production of milk. Marjoram contains properties that enhance milk production in lactating women, which makes it one of the benefits of marjoram for breastfeeding women. It helps in stimulating ovulation and the occurrence of pregnancy, as it has been shown that marjoram has a role in regulating the levels of female and male hormones in women. This means that it increases the chances of pregnancy.
7.2.Vitex agnus-castus
Vitex agnus-castus can help rebalance a woman’s hormones and maintain healthy hormone levels. Therefore, the herb may reduce the symptoms of menopause in women by maintaining the levels of hormones that become imbalanced at this stage, which causes a group of symptoms, such as: mood swings, lower abdominal pain, difficulty sleeping, hot flashes, and its benefits include treating the syndrome. Before menstruation (PMS), Maryam is taken orally to reduce some of the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, especially breast pain, constipation, irritability, depressed mood or mood changes, anger, and headaches in some women. Maryam may not be effective for symptoms of bloating.
Vitex agnus-castus is used to treat irregular menstrual cycles, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), a more severe form of PMS called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), and symptoms of menopause. It is also used to treat breast nodules (fibrocystic disease).
7.3. Objectives of the study
The main objective of this research is to study the therapeutic effects of some plant parts of each of the leaves of the marjoram plant (Majorana Hortensis) (marjoram) and the dried vitex agnus-castus(vitex agnus-castus) due to their availability in the Egyptian local market and to study the biological, biochemical and histological changes on the ovaries of female experimental mice Sprague-Dawley rats.
Conducting a serological examination to estimate the percentage of estrogen in the blood serum of female mice, analyze a complete blood picture (CBC), estimate the histopathological study on the ovaries, and study the shape of the resulting or developed eggs.
Determination of the percentage of estrogen in the leaves of the marjoram (Majorana hortensis) and (vitex agnus-castus) and the determination of the phenolic substances in the marjoram and vitex agnus-castus.
Studying the effect of different concentrations of marjoram leaves and vitex agnus-castusat 5% and 10% per day on the main diet of mice.
Conducting the statistical study, producing the results and making the necessary recommendations.
7.4 Study plan
The main materials used are (marjoram herbs - vitex agnus-castus(.
These herbs are dried and ready to be purchased from the apothecary.
In this study, concentrations of marjoram and dried marjoram are used at a concentration of 5% and 10% of the main meal.
30 female rats (sprague-Dawley rats) are used, their weight is approximately 150 grams ±10 during the experiment period and their age is 3 months.
Mice are fed a basic meal containing (casein: 15% of the weight of the diet and its quality is 98%) and (corn oil: 10% of the weight of the diet) and a mixture of salts: 4% of the weight of the diet) and (a mixture of vitamins: 1% of the weight of the diet) and (starch: 70% of the weight of the diet).
Mice will be fed a meal containing marjoram and marjoram herbs by 5% and 10% of these herbs as an extract daily also in the basic ration by mouth.
The mice will be fed the basic meal for 5 consecutive days to bring about adaptation, then the mice will be divided into 6 groups consisting of 30 mice, and each group will consist of 5 mice, as follows:
1) The first group:
It was used as a negative control group and was fed the basic meal (only regular food) throughout the experiment period.
2) The second group:
The experimental group that was fed 5% of the marjoram plant from the main meal.
3) The third group:
The experimental group that was fed 10% of the marjoram plant from the main meal.
4) The fourth group:
The experimental group that was fed 5% of the palm of vitex agnus-castus from the main meal.
5) The fifth group:
The experimental group that was fed 10% of the palm of vitex agnus-castus from the main meal.
6) The Sixth Group:
It is a mixture that takes a mixture of 2.5% of the marjoram plant with 2.5% of vitex agnus-castus from the main meal.
• The experiment will take 28 days. After the end of the experiment, each mouse is weighed separately, then the mice are slaughtered (or a mouse from each group is slaughtered), blood samples are collected, the ovaries are extracted from each mouse, and the following tests and analyzes are performed:
1- Biological evaluation to find out:
The rate of change in body weight (BWG)
Average daily food intake (FI)
Food utilization rate (FER)
2- Biochemical Evaluation:
It includes the following tests:
• Complete blood picture (CBC) analysis.
• Serological examination (Egyptian) to estimate the percentage of estrogen in the blood serum.
3- Histopathological studies of organs :
• Appreciation of histopathological studies on the ovaries.
• Studying the shape of the resulting or developed eggs.
4- Conducting a statistical study and statistical analysis of the results obtained.
7.5. The most important analyzes obtained can be summarized:
7.5.1 Changes in body weight, food intake, and food utilization efficiency in mice that had a significant change in the body’s female hormones, which were fed marjoram and vitex agnus-castus in different proportions:
1) The increase in body weight (BWG)% recorded the highest value and the lowest value compared to the negative control group (-), with a significant difference (P≤0.05).