الفهرس 
DNA DamageOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The thesis aims to study the effect of environmental factors to which
living organisms are exposed and their effect on DNA, such as the effect of
chemicals, including cement and cigarettes, and their cumulative exposure in
an amount of (1, 2, 3, 4) μL from each of them, and also to study the effect of
some rays such as the laser Green beam 532 nm with a power of 100mW and
gamma rays 221 kev for the element cobalt 57.
Also cumulatively (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30) minutes for each of them
individually and studying the electrical impedance when applying a fixed
voltage at a certain frequency. Studies also take different cancer samples to
study the extent to which cancer DNA is affected by these factors.
Environmental chemicals present a variety of difficulties for living
organisms, primarily through toxicity or mutagenicity. Mutations occur when
adducts are chemically added to bases or when changes occur in the base
sequence in DNA. These modifications hinder the correct transcription of
DNA into RNA and/or DNA replication. Moreover, spontaneous mutation of
DNA bases can also occur by dyeing, deletion, or addition of bases,
deamination, etc. It is dealt with through one of several DNA repair processes
found in human cells every day. In each cycle, DNA replication itself causes
some fundamental modifications. Before undergoing programmed cell death
(programmed cell death), cells divide between 40 and 70 times to protect
themselves from accumulating mutations.