الفهرس 
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Abstract
The most prevalent endocrine condition, DM, is defined by persistently elevated blood sugar levels.
The exact processes by which DM raises the risk of developing atherosclerotic plaque are not fully understood, although there is a strong correlation between them.
Among diabetic patients, ASCVD continues to be the leading cause of mortality and disability. This is particularly true for those with T2DM, where the disease often manifests 14.6 years earlier, with more severity, and a more widespread distribution than in individuals without DM.
Moreover, CVD accounts for almost two-thirds of the fatalities of individuals with DM; of these, about 40% result from ischemic heart disease, 15% from other heart diseases, including congestive heart failure, and 10% from stroke.
For DM patients, intensive management of certain cardiovascular risk factors can have a significant effect. There is a benefit in lowering cardiovascular morbidity and death from reductions in glycosylated hemoglobin values, blood pressure, fasting serum cholesterol and TG levels, and urine albumin excretion rate.
Adipokines, a class of bioactive peptides secreted by adipocytes, have an impact on a number of physiological processes, including lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, body weight, and vascular function. It has been proposed lately that AFABP is a third adipokine that is preferentially generated in and released from adipocytes, along with adiponectin and leptin.