الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Intermittent fasting clearly encompasses a broad spectrum of dietary interventions. The defining characteristic is the confinement of energy restriction to a specified temporal window, be that 16 h each day, every other day or just 2 d per week) .
Across these various models, intermittent fasting can elicit reductions in body mass and improvements in metabolic health, effects which appear broadly comparable to standard daily energy restriction. However, because the therapeutic potential of these temporal strategies may lie in routinely extending catabolic periods, thereby increasing reliance on lipid-derived substrates. the similar efficacy in relation to standard approaches could instead reflect a failure to meaningfully extend the post-absorptive period.
Conversely, if applying approaches that extend the fasting interval towards 20 h and beyond (e.g. consecutive fasting days in the 5:2 diet or time-restricted feeding), this transition to lipid-derived substrates is likely to be made more frequently, perhaps explaining the proposed superiority of these approaches .the latter studies of complete alternate-day fasting offer amongst the longest uninterrupted fasting periods, the true effects of this are difficult to isolate due to metabolically diverse samples and the use of single-arm trials. Consequently, there remains an urgent need for well-designed, randomised-controlled trials of this commonly adopted approach.
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