الفهرس 
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as kidney damage or reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for at least 3 months which can lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) when renal replacement therapy (RRT) is essential. It is estimated that over 500 million people suffer from chronic kidney disease worldwide and they are susceptible to develop end-stage renal disease if no action is taken to diagnose and treat them in early stages. Indeed, end-stage renal disease represents the tip of the iceberg and the actual number of patients with chronic kidney disease is a lot more (as much as 20 to 50 times greater) .(Malekmakan et al., 2018)
While kidney transplant is regarded as the optimal RRT, donor availability and patient eligibility are limiting factors in practice. For this reason, the majority of ESRD patients undergo dialysis. The predominant dialysis modalities are hemodialysis (HD; which can be undertaken in-center [ICHD] or at home [HHD]), and peritoneal dialysis (PD), which is generally undertaken at home