الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Introduction
Hearing is one of the senses, which has a vital role in determining individual life. Hearing has a distinct function of transferring an aspect of the social and environmental components of reality to the brain. The significance of hearing sense is demonstrated by the fact that hearing is a source of learning and knowledge acquisition as well as earning direct and indirect experiences (AbuDreea, 2017).
Hearing impairment is a reduced ability to hear sounds in the same way as other people . Aperson is said to have hearing impairment if they cannot hear as well as some one with normal hearing. (Ganek, et al., 2023)
Children with hearing impairment face a set of psychological problmes may affect their lives such as anxiety, stress, feeling depreesed and low self esteem. Psychological problmes is defined as the condition of emotional disturbance with feeling of anxiety. Therefor, hearing impairement affects individuals’ cognitive competence, since it reduce the individual’s ability to regognize things and affect sustain noramal activities and processes (Mumtaz, et al., 2023)
Additionally, these Children face many social problmes such as social acceptance and participation, relationship problmes and communication problmes. Furthermore,hearing impairment may related directly to the increment of fear and depandancy.
Hence, it’s important to psychiatric mental health nurse to assess the psychological and social problems among children with hearing impairment in order to employing various educational programs and intervention and to deal with these problems, which can help them to develop their capacities and prepare them to understand the world around them, improving their abilities of social interaction, social control and enhancing their psycho-social health.
Role of psychiatric mental health nursing for all children with hearing impairment in the community to reduce psychological distress, assess the attitude and practice of dealing with them for the whole family member through the application of role model technique in the front of them to communicate, counselling therapy for parent with children hearing impairment to improve psychological wellbeing necessity of training in effective coping strategies (Christiaan, 2019).
Aim of the study
The aim of the study to assess psychosocial problems among children with hearing impairment.
This aim will be achieved through the following:
1. Assessing psychological problems among children with hearing impairment.
2. Assessing social problems among children with hearing impairment.
3. Assessing the relation between psychological and social problems among children with hearing impairment.
Research question
This study answers the following questions:
1. What are the psychological problems among children with hearing impairment?
2. What are the social problems among children with hearing impairment?
3. What is the relation between psychological and social problems among children with hearing impairment?
Subjects and methods
Subjects and methods of this study were portrayed under four main designs as follows:
I- The technical design for this study includes the research design, the research setting, and subjects of the study and the tools of data collection.
1)Research design: A descriptive design was used in this study to assess psychosocial problems among children with hearing impairment.
2)Research setting
The study was conducted at Hearing and Speech Institute in Imbaba, Giza Governorate, affiliated to General Organization for Teaching Hospitalities and Institutes. Is the first institute in the middle east to provide an integrated service in early and treatment of hearing loss, speech pathology, and speech defects.
3)Subjects of the study:
Type of sample
Apurposive sample of children with hearing impairment aged between 6 to 16 years.
Inclusion criteria for children with hearing impairment.
1. Sex: both sex
2. Age: ranging from (6-16) years.
3. Free from another neurological disorder.
Sample size: The actual subjects of this study included 100 children with hearing impairment from a total number of 160 children with hearing impairment between 6 years to 16 years.
The sample size was estimated using the following equation.
N = N×P(1-P)
} (N-1× (d2 / z2)+{(1-P))
Description:
n= required sample size.
N= the population size
Z= The standard value corresponding to the level 90% which is (1.64)
d= Error level 5%
p= 0.5
(Steven, et al., 2012)
Tools for data collection:
The tools used for data collection were:
Tool I Structured interview questionnaire.
- It was designed by the researcher to assess demographic characteristics of children with hearing impairment, such as name, age, sex, the number of siblings, child ranking, academic stage, residence and family history of hearing impairment.
- Tool II psychological problems among children with hearing impairment were developed by Alramamneh, Sabayleh & Drei. 2020 and modified by the researcher, to assess psychological problems among children with hearing impairment.
The psychological problems questionnaire consists of 3 domains (36 items)
A) Anxiety and stress contains (12) items
B) A feeling of depression contains (14) items
C) Self-esteem contains (10) items
Tool III: social problems among children with hearing impairment was developed by Alramamneh, Sabayleh & Drei. 2020 and modified by the researcher, to assess social problems among children with hearing impairment
The Social problems questionnaire consists of 3 domains (20 items)
D) Social participation problems contains (7) items
E) B) Relationship problems contains (7) items
F) Communication problems contains (6) items
The findings of the study can be summarized in the followings:
- Less than half of the studied children with hearing impairment, their age ranged from 9-<12 years. Also, more than half of them were residing in urban areas.
- More than half of the studied children with hearing impairment had high level of anxiety and stress. Also, less than half of them had moderate level of depression. Moreover, less than two thirds of them had low level of self-esteem.
- More than half of the studied children with hearing impairment had high level of social acceptance. Also, more than two thirds of them had high level of communication problems.
- There were highly statistically significant relation between total psychological problems of the studied children with hearing impairment and their socio-demographic data as age, academic stage and family history from hearing impairment.
- There were highly statistically significant relation between total social problems of the studied children with hearing impairment and their socio-demographic data as age, sex and academic stage.
- There was highly statistically significant relation between total psychological problems of the studied children with hearing impairment and their total social problems.
- There was highly significant positive correlation between total psychological problems of the studied children with hearing impairment and their social acceptance and participation, relationship problems, communication problems and total social problems.
- There was highly significant positive correlation between total social problems of the studied children with hearing impairment and their anxiety and stress, feeling depressed and self-esteem.
Conclusion:
Based on the results of the present study and research questions, the following can be concluded:
- Less than two thirds of children with hearing impairment had low levels of self esteem. Also more than two thirds of them had high levels of communication problems.
- There was a highly significant relationship between psychological problems and social problems of the studied children with hearing impairment.
Recommendations:
Based on the results of the current study, the following:
1. Establishment of counseling program for children with hearing impairment to improve their psychsocial well-being.
2. Development of rehabilitation program to enhance quality of life for children with hearing impairment and their caregivers.
3. Further research is advised to determine the variables influencing children with hearing impairment.
4. Further studies for large sample size should be done to genderized the results.
5. Designing educational program for nurses who working with children with hearing impairment to help them aquire knowledge skills and problmes of children with hearing impaiement inorder to ehance their quality of patirnt care.