الفهرس 
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Abstract
Keeping the significance of herbs in view of the disease prevention efficiency and immunity, the present study has been designed to evaluate immunotoxicity after sub-chronic oral IMI administration in 308 Ross broilers, secondary to evaluate the efficacy of the technological inclusion of CUR or MOL in diet of IMI-administered broiler chickens, and their impact on broilers’ performance, immune status, and transcriptional profiling of immune-related genes viaThe various blood parameters (R.B.Cs. Hb, hematocrit, W.B.Cs, heterophils, and lymphocytes) of Ross 308 broiler chickens were significantly enhanced by these supplements in comparison to the IMI group. CUR in the (CUR+IMI pro/co-treated) group, significantly (p < 0.05) restored the decreased W.B.Cs count and lymphocytes % to (6.67 and 2.93% decrease) and restored the heterophils % (increased by 6.82%) in comparison with birds exposed to IMI-and non-treated. Similarly, MOR in the (MOR+IMI pro/co-treated) group restored the decreases in W.B.Cs count and lymphocytes % to (31.32 and 2.70% decrease) and restored the heterophils % (increased by 5.43%) in comparison with birds exposed to IMI-and non-treated.
This experiment was conducted to examine the protective role of curcumin (CUR) in mitigating imidacloprid (IMI)-induced toxic effects on broilers growth performance, immune response, antioxidant status, and the expression of immune- associated genes. CUR significantly improved overall growth performance-related indices when compared to IMI-exposed birds. Additionally, CUR enhanced hematological indices, phagocytosis, and total protein, albumin, globulin, AST, ALT, lysozyme, and IgG levels when compared to the IMI-exposed birds. CUR supplementation significantly modulated oxidative stress-related indices, including TAC, SOD, CAT, and GPx, and decreased MDA levels when compared to IMI-exposed birds. The inflammatory response was modulated after CUR supplementation as supported by down-regulation of IL-IB, TNF-a, and TLR4 mRNA expression levels and up-regulated the IL-10 mRNA expression levels in the spleen when compared to IMI-exposed birds. These results collectively showed, for the first time, that CUR had an in vivo protective effect against IMI toxicity in broiler chickens.