الفهرس 
Diabetes classificationsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 131 |  |  |
| | | from | 131 | | |
Abstract
The main target of this research is to see how varying quantities of nettle and bitter wood, as well as their mixture, affect diabetic rats. Examine the effects of nettle and bitter wood, and their mixtures at different concentrations (2 and 4 percent) on biological, biochemical, and anti-diabetic alterations in male albino rats. Research the anti-diabetic effects of varying concentrations of nettle, bitter wood, and their mixed powder on male albino rats. where it was studed, some physiological characteristics (BWG, FI, FER, and internal organs weight) as well as some biochemical characteristics (glucose level, liver functions, kidney functions, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-c, LDL-c, and VLDL-c) as well as hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, and platelet) were measured in tested albino rats.
Forty-eight adult male albino rats, Sprague Dawley Strain, which fed on basal diet for one week. Then, rats divided into eight groups each group which consisted of six rats and were housed individually in the wire cage. All groups of rats were fed on the experimental diet for 28 days according to the following groups:
• group (1): Rats were fed on basal diet as a control negative.
• group (2): Rats were injected with alloxan 150 mg and used as positive control group.
• group (3): A group infected with diabetes and was fed on nettle powder at does 2% of the weight of the diet.
• group (4): A group infected with diabetes was fed nettle powder at does by 4% of the weight of the diet.
• group (5): A group infected with diabetes was fed on bitter wood by 2% of the weight of the diet.
• group (6): A group infected with diabetes was fed bitter by 4% of the weight of the diet.
• group (7): A group infected with diabetes was fed on mixture 1:1 of nettle and bitter wood by 2% of the weight of the diet.
• group (8): A group infected with diabetes was fed on mixture 1:1 of nettle and bitter wood 4% of the weight of the diet.
During the experimental period, the body weight and feed intake were estimated weekly, and the general behavior of rats was observed. The experiment will take 28 days. At the end of the experimental period each rat weighs separately then, rats are slaughtered and collect blood samples. Blood samples were centrifuged at (4000 rpm) for ten minutes to separate blood serum, then kept in deep freezer till using. Extracting the liver following tests was conducted for pathohistological examinations. The different organs of rats (heart, liver, kidney and spleen) were carefully removed, washed in saline solution, dried between 2 filter papers and immediately weighted kept in buffered formalin solution (10%) for histopathological examination.
The obtained results can be summarized as following:
Effect of nettle, bitter wood and their mixtures on body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency ratio of diabetic rats
The body weight gain (BWG) of control (+) recorded the higher value when compared with control (-) with significant difference. from diabetic rat groups, the highest (BWG) recorded for 2% nettle powder, while the lowest BWG recorded for 4 % bitter wood powder, with significant difference (P≤0.05).
The feed intake (FI) of control (-) recorded the higher value when compared with control (+) with significant difference. from diabetic rat groups, the highest (FI) recorded for 4% mixture while the lowest (FI) recorded for 2% nettle with significant difference (P≤0.05).
The feed efficiency (FER) of control (-) recorded the higher value when compared with control (+) with significant difference. from diabetic rat groups, the highest (FER) recorded for 2% nettle, while the lowest (FER) recorded for 4% bitter wood with significant difference (P≤0.05).
Effect of nettle roots, bitter wood and their mixtures on organs weight of diabetic rats
The weight liver of control (-) recorded the higher value when compared with control (+) with significant difference.
from diabetic rat groups, the highest weight liver recorded for 4% bitter wood, while the lowest weight liver recorded for 2 % bitter wood with significant difference (P≤0.05).
The weight kidney of control (-) recorded the higher value when compared with control (+) with significant difference.
from diabetic rat groups, the highest weight kidney recorded for 4% mixture, while the lowest weight kidney recorded for 4 % bitter wood with significant difference (P≤0.05).
The weight spleen of control (-) recorded the higher value when compared with control (+) with significant difference.
from diabetic rat groups, the highest weight spleen recorded for 4% mixture, while the lowest weight spleen recorded for 2% bitter wood with significant difference (P≤0.05).
Effect of nettle roots, bitter wood powder and their mixtures on glucose level of diabetic rats
Glucose level control (-) had a higher glucose, on the other hand, the control (+) displayed a lower level, with a significant variation (P≤0.05).
Diabetic rats fed a 2% nettle powder had the lowest level of glucose. In diabetic rats, the greatest glucose level was found in 4% mixture powder (P≤0.05).
Effect of nettle roots, bitter wood powder and their mixtures on liver functions of diabetic rats
The AST of control (+) recorded the higher value when compared with control (-) with significant difference.
from diabetic rat groups, the highest AST recorded for 2 % bitter wood, while the lowest AST recorded for 4% mixture with significant difference (P≤0.05).
The ALT of control (+) recorded the higher value when compared with control (-) with significant difference.
from diabetic rat groups, the highest ALT recorded for 2 %bitter wood, while the lowest ALT recorded for 4 % mixture with significant difference (P≤0.05).
The ALP of control (+) recorded the higher value when compared with control (-) with significant difference.
from diabetic rat groups, the highest ALP recorded for 2 %bitter wood, while the lowest ALP recorded for 4 % mixture with significant difference (P≤0.05).
Effect of nettle, bitter wood powder and their mixtures on total cholesterol and triglycerides of diabetic rats
Total cholestrol of control (+) recorded the higher value when compared with control (-) with significant difference.
from diabetic rat groups, the highest total cholesterol recorded for 2% bitter wood, while the lowest total protein recorded for 4% mixture with significant difference (P≤0.05).
Serum triglycerdes of control (+) recorded the higher value when compared with control (-) with significant difference.
from diabetic rat groups, the highest albumin recorded for 2% bitter wood, while the lowest triglycerides (g/dl) recorded for 4 % mixture with significant difference (P≤0.05).
Effect of nettle roots, bitter wood powder and their mixtures on lipid profile level of diabetic rats
HDL-c of control (-) recorded the higher value when compared with control (+) with significant difference.
from diabetic rat groups, the highest HDL-c recorded for 4% mixture, while the lowest HDL-c recorded for 2% bitter wood powder with significant difference (P≤0.05).
LDL-c of control (+) recorded the higher value when compared with control (-) with significant difference.
from diabetic rat groups, the highest LDL-c recorded for 2% bitter wood, while the lowest LDL-c recorded for 4% mixture with significant difference (P≤0.05).