الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This thesis presents and show the importance of fuel alternatives in the shipping industry. With respect to the availability, safety, regulations and its technology. This analysis shows the changing demands for the target sustainable and energy progress. As it will begin by introducing the relevant condition of marine fuels and the difficulties in decarbonization process for the shipping industry. Also in this thesis , will show that well-to-wake emissions and bunkering to approach the regulations worldwide and globally. selection of an alternative fuel for maritime operations is based on many factors not only on a financial evaluation. As a hug number of vessels that depend on burning fuel have to convert and upgrade or even be replayed with others engines that save energy. This thesis will add a natural progress to technology concept, decreasing ship emissions, As the IMO described some tools and requirements which are needed to reduce emissions from ships. This presented thesis aims to inform all stakeholders of the importance of green energy and its importance to the industry. The de-carbonization challenge shipping emissions in future could increase by +40% to +150% by 2050 if no action is done. This will have a direct effect in contributing to global warming. This thesis also investigates the different approaches that will be taken by 2050 in hydrogenbased fuels and biofuel instruments. A paper from this thesis was discussed in ICEEE fourth edition last July. It was held in E-just premises.