الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Germinal matrix hemorrhage and subsequent posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus are common among pre-term infants due to multiple factors including fragility of germinal matrix vasculature, swinging increases of arterial and venous pressure, periodic hypoxia, and high metabolic demand. Management of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in pre-term infants is challenging as CSF diversion by VP shunt is not usually applicable as Many children are physically too small to tolerate the valve and shunt tubing itself, and are prone to skin breakdown and infection, inability to absorb CSF volume distally within the peritoneum may also contribute to permanent shunt failure, also necrotizing enterocolitis precludes the diversion of CSF into the peritoneum in many patients. Therefore, temporary CSF diversion is often required while awaiting improvement of either the proximal or distal environment for permanent shunt placement.