الفهرس 
Hypotensive Anesthesia
Postoperative PainOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pain management not only reduces a patient’s suffering but also decreases mortality, promotes rapid hospital discharge, improves a patient’s quality of life, and reduces hospital costs.(1) The effective postoperative pain management entails a multimodal approach involving several drugs with different mechanisms of action. There are many different treatment options for reducing the postoperative pain, and each has its own benefits, including the administration of opioids before or during surgery. Medications such as dexmedetomidine and ketamine which can be used during surgery to relief pain.