الفهرس 
A glance to Marine Natural ProductsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is a phenomenon caused by an imbalance between
production and accumulation of oxygen reactive species (ROS) in cells and
tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify these reactive products.
Superoxide (O2 -), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 -), and hydroxyl radicals (OH-)
are commonly known as free radicals produced during the oxidation of
metabolites within the living cells. They are usually kept as normal, steady state
levels to participate in some cellular defensive mechanisms. However, their
abnormal increase leads to several diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, metabolic
disorder, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, they cause
harmful effect on important cellular structures like proteins, lipids and nucleic
acids. In this case, cells deploy an anti-oxidant defensive system based mainly
on enzymatic components, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase
(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) to protect themselves from ROS
induced cellular damage. Furthermore, ROS-induced cellular damage is linked
in many cases with the triggering of pro-inflammatory markers axes, including
the up-regulation of the transcription factor NF- κB (nuclear factor kappa-B).
This leads to increased production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines,
including tumor necrosis Factor (TNF-α), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). This
leads to inflammatory processes characterizing normal inflammation process,
besides several abnormal, inflammatory or autoimmune diseases.
The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of many marine extracts
have been reported, as a way to provide protection to different cells and tissues
against the damage induced due to free radicals, pathogens, and different
pathological cases. Isolated compounds from marine invertebrates are being
increasingly known to possess various pharmacological activities with which
many useful drugs have been developed. For example, Crabs exposed to high
levels of reactive oxygen species in the oceans have been reported to produce
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antioxidants as a major defense against free radical mediated toxicity; protecting
their tissues from the damage associated with the oxidative stress. So, we aimed
to find out the bioactive compounds, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory
capabilities of the charybdis natator crab