الفهرس 
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Abstract
Osseointegration is an essential determinant of the efficacy of dental implants. Osseointegration is the medical term used to describe the successful attachment of an implant to the surrounding bone, without generating any symptoms. Histologically, it is defined by direct bone-to-implant contact, without any interference from soft tissues.
The successful integration of dental implants heavily relies on the crucial element of primary implant stability. The achievement is accomplished by establishing a mechanical connection between the outer surface of the implant and the walls of the recipient osteotomy site. In order to improve the initial stability of the primary implant, it is imperative to assess the implant’s design, the surgical technique employed, and the density of the adjacent bone.
Osteoporosis is a systemic illness that impacts the entire skeletal system and leads to bone fragility, increasing the vulnerability of patients to fractures. This can impede the process of mending dental implants and diminish their dependability. Nevertheless, the progress in surgical techniques exhibits promise for augmenting the overall efficacy of dental implant treatments.
Improving the initial stability in areas with lower bone density is a desirable but difficult job. In patients with impaired bone quality, the osteotomy site was not properly prepared, and osteotomes were used to improve primary stability. However, these methods have inherent constraints when used in surgical operations.
Osseodensification is a method that use specialized drills to create a compacted osteotomy, resulting in improved bone density and increased stability following the placement of an implant. Osseodensification distinguishes itself from conventional drilling techniques by applying force to the bone, leading to its compression and consolidation. This procedure activates the bone’s innate regenerative mechanism. This treatment enhances both the initial stability and the velocity of healing, while also reducing the occurrence of post-surgical problems.
The objective of our study was to evaluate the histological and histomorphometric effects of osseodensification on the implantation of implants in osteoporotic bone.
This study included a sample of twenty-one fully developed female New Zealand white rabbits.
Before the insertion of the implants, all rabbits had daily intramuscular injections of dexamethasone for a period of four weeks in order to produce circumstances similar to osteoporosis.
Two implants were placed in each rabbit. The right tibia was implanted using the usual approach, while the left tibia was implanted utilizing the osseodensification technique.
Each of the three sets of seven rabbits makes up one of the twenty-one groups. After that, rabbits have been sacrificed three times in a row. As a baseline, the first group was sacrificed 30 days after implantation, the second group was sacrificed 60 days after implantation, and the third group was sacrificed at any point after the implantation process.
Following that, the tibia bones were taken out of every rabbit. The bones were soaked in melted paraffin wax and left to harden after they were treated to eliminate calcium and after they were mended. After that, sections five micrometers thick were cut from the blocks and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for light microscopy analysis. Bone density was measured with the use of Alizarin red stain.
After one day, there was no discernible difference between the experimental and control groups when HE stained sections were examined. However, after 30 days, a difference in the way the bone around the tooth implant was growing became noticeable. Larger newly formed bone fragments at the periphery of bone-to-implant contact and greater filling of the trabecular space were observed in the study group compared to the control group, which had fewer and smaller connecting trabeculae. After 60 days, the study group showed higher bone density on the histological examination (HE) than the control group. The adjacent bone, in particular, showed trabeculae that were thicker and more closely spaced.
In spite of this, at 24 hours, 30 days, and 60 days, the Alizarin red staining sections showed a statistically significant difference in bone density and bone condensation at the peri-implant bone region between the experiment group and the control group.