الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hypogonadism is a well-known and prevalent incapacitating condition among HD patients; it has been linked to a reduction in HRQOL. The prevalence of hypogonadism in HD patients ranged from 30% to 60 percent. Despite this, medical professionals are still ignorant of its existence and severity. Hypogonadism is also associated with changes in body composition, including reduced bone mineral density, increased fat content, and decreased lean body mass.
According to recent observational research, a favourable association between low testosterone levels and the decline in muscle mass so decreasing physical function, mobility and increase risk of falls in elderly.
Our research sought to evaluate the relationship between muscle mass and testosterone deficiencies in HD patients, as well as the impact on quality of life.
Eighty men were included, forty men from the dialysis units of Alexandria University Hospitals as a case group matched to another forty healthy men as a control group. Individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who were assigned to long-term HD and had taken part in three weekly, four-hour HD sessions for over ninety days, were included if they were at least eighteen years old, able to read and write, and in good mental health. Patients who had trouble hearing or reading the questionnaires were not included in our analysis, as well as those with proven medical instability necessitating hospitalization, active malignancy or liver failure, heart failure, who have clinical signs of overload and having metal parts in their bodies.
Every patient enrolled in the research underwent a thorough physical examination, a thorough history taking, dialysis related data was collected, subjected to MIS and KDQOL-36 survey, performing assessment of body composition using INBODY device and underwent a group of laboratory investigations including serum free testosterone.
The aim of our study was achieved and the main results were as following:
• Serum free testosterone was significantly lower in HD group than control group.
• Hemoglobin level and serum albumin were significantly lower in HD group than control group.
• CRP was significantly higher in HD group than control group.
• MIS was significantly higher in HD group than control group.
• SMI and LTI were significantly lower in HD group than control group.
• There were a statistically significant positive correlations between free testosterone and SMI and LTI.
• There were no significant correlations between free testosterone and weight, height, BMI, total body water, fat tissue index, PBF and WHR.
• There were no statistically significant correlations between free testosterone and KDQOL subscales including: Symptom/ problem list, Effects of kidney disease, Burden of kidney disease, SF-12 physical composite and SF-12 mental composite summary.