الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study aimed to demonstrate the ameliorative impacts of Dactyloctenium aegyptium (D. aegyptium) and Parapholis incurva (P. incurva) alcoholic extracts on hormonal, histological, and ultrastructural changes in rat thyroid and adrenal gland induced by daily oral administration of sodium fluoride (NaF) (5 mg/kg) for 28 days. Chemical profiling of both extracts was determined by HPLC. NaF induced hypothyroidism and a significant increase in MDA and NO and a significant decrease in GSH and SOD when compared with the control group. Meanwhile, NaF treatment significantly decreased serum corticosterone and aldosterone. NaF treatment showed a significant increase in serum Ca2+ and Na+ and a significant decrease in K+ and Cl- serum levels when compared with the control group. Histopathological, and ultrastructural alterations (thyroid calcification) were also recorded in the thyroid gland following NaF exposure. While in the adrenal gland, histological changes were shown in zona glomerulosa and fasciculata following NaF treatment. Histomorphometric, histochemical, an immunohistochemical alterations were also recorded in the NaF-treated group. The findings of the present study showed that D. aegyptium and P. incurva extracts could protect against sodium fluoride’s adverse effects in rat thyroid and adrenal glands on both the physiological and histological levels probably, due to their high flavonoids and phenolic compound content as estimated by HPLC analysis. On the other hand, the present study concluded that P. incurve extract herb has a protective impact on both the thyroid and adrenal gland parameters more than D. aegyptium extract.