الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most important worldwide public health problems, it is an RNA virus that can infect the liver, sometimes leading to serious liver damage. Hepatitis C can infect people who come into contact with the blood of the infected person. In most cases, Hepatitis C causes no apparent symptoms until the liver has been significantly damaged.
Diabetes, often called diabetes mellitus, it describes a group of metabolic diseases in which there is high level of blood glucose (blood sugar), either because insulin production is insufficient, or because the cells of the body do not respond properly to insulin, or both. Patients with high blood sugar will typically suffer polyuria (frequent urination), they will become increasingly thirsty (polydipsia) and hungry (polyphagia).
There are three main types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes and Gestational diabetes, about 90% of all cases of diabetes worldwide are type 2.
The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and the genotype distribution of HCV infection among type 2 diabetic patients in Suez Canal University Hospital.
This study was undertaken at Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University and Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University
The study population was divided into two groups:
• Study group (diabetic patients) included 91 patients with type 2 diabetes attending the diabetic outpatient clinic of Suez Canal University Hospital from June 2015 to June 2016.
• Control group included 135 non diabetic control subjects coming to the hospital for voluntary blood donation.
This study was carried out as follow:
The two groups were subjected to the following:
First part: data were collected from all individuals participating in this study as follow
• Personal history including: age, gender, status, and family history.
• In the diabetic group medical history including an examination for the presence and severity of type 2-diabetes, duration of disease and type of medications was taken.
• Written informed consent was obtained from all participants enrolled in this study.
Second part: samples and assay
1-Collection of blood samples into sterile vacutainers.
2- Qualitative detection of anti-HCV antibodies to hepatitis C virus in the samples using VIDAS Instrument.
3- Detection of viral load for HCV in the blood using Real Time PCR instrument.
4-Purification and sequencing were done for PCR amplicons via Macrogen Company, then the sequence was read using DNA BaserV3 software, the genotype of the samples was determined by GenBank, phylo¬genetic tree were determined by using the MEGA software version.
This study showed that:
1-There was no statistically significant association between gender and infection with HCV (p > 0.05).
2-There was a statistically significant relationship between age and HCV infection (p <0.01).
3-There was a statistically significant difference between study group and control group (non-diabetic) according to the prevalence of HCV (p <0.05).
4-The occurrence of HCV in diabetic patients were 1.99 times higher than its occurrence in non-diabetics (OR=1.99), this mean that the association between diabetes and HCV occurrence is positive association as (OR > 1).
5-There was no statistically significant difference for Ct results between diabetic and non-diabetic patients (p > 0.05).
6-There was no statistically significant difference for viral concentration between diabetic and non-diabetic (p > 0.05).
7-Phylogenitic tree showed that viral isolates belongs to NS5B gene of genotype 4.
Conclusion
This study showed that there is a significant association between type 2-diabetes and hepatitis C virus, our observation supports previous reports of an association between the two diseases this calls for a critical need to educate the people on the dangers of the co-infection of HCV and diabetes, and this increase the importance of the screening of anti-HCV among diabetic patients.