الفهرس 
AbstractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Open heart surgery is one of the most important surgical interventions that can resolve many cardiac problems, the most important of which are myocardial revascularization, valve repair or replacement, repair of congenital or acquired structural abnormalities, placement of a mechanical assist device, and heart transplantation. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) and heart valve surgery are the most commonly performed procedures in cardiac surgery worldwide. The post-operative phase is the most critical period for open heart surgery patients, it is characterized by many complications as pulmonary, cardiovascular, neurological and renal that prolong hospitalization, increase costs and have a direct effect on survival probability. According to statistics from open heart surgery department at Tanta University, patients admitted for open heart surgery are about 20 cases per month. Also, it was reported that about 53% of patients had undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary Bypass. Patients in ICU experience pain due to multiple causes such as their underlying health condition, catheters or tubes inserted into them, and because they are immobile. They also experience pain as a result of the carerelated procedures performed on them. Care-related pain is a broad concept that includes pain during medical examination, nursing care, transportation within hospital and even the waiting period during diagnostic imaging interventions. The daily nursing procedures and interventions can be a considerable source of pain for open heart surgery patients. The fact that more than 30% of ICU patients regardless of diagnosis experience pain at rest and that this percentage exceeds 50% during common care procedures, underscores the need for high-quality pain management. Some of the most painful procedures experienced by cardiothoracic patients are nursing care procedures such as turning, physical therapy, catheterizations, transporting patients, endotracheal intubation, suctioning, tube and drain removal, wound care and arterial line insertion. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of nursing procedures related pain on patients’ clinical outcomes post open heart surgery. This study was conducted in Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit at Tanta International Teaching Hospital which is affiliated to Tanta University Hospital. This unit is equipped with 9 bed capacity. A purposive sample of 60 adult patients post open heart surgery that has been admitted to cardio thoracic intensive care unit and meeting the inclusion criteria. The sample size calculation by power analysis based on patient’s admission in the hospital per year (220 patients/year). It was calculated based on epidemiological information program based on the total patient per year according to total Tanta International Teaching Hospital records of patients undergoing open heart surgery.