الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) is characterized by patterns of escalated and sustained harmful drug intake, loss of control over drug intake, and drug craving. It is particularly harmful to health because it can persist, often for substantial periods of life, and cause or exacerbate other health conditions.
Continued substance use has been associated with several risk factors, particularly childhood adversity, psychiatric conditions, lower socio-economic status and poor social support.
In Egypt, a recent national survey of SUD reported that 9.6% of Egyptians had used substances at least once in their lifetimes.
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric illness characterized by obsessions (recurrent, distressing thoughts or images) and compulsions (repetitive, unwanted behaviors or mental acts aimed at reducing anxiety and/or preventing some dreaded event.
Substance use disorder (SUD) refers to either alcohol/drug abuse (maladaptive substance use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligations, physical risk to self or continued use despite persistent problems) or alcohol/drug dependence (substance abuse with additional evidence of tolerance, withdrawal or compulsive substance use). Although OCD and SUD are regarded as clinically and nosologically distinct, the disorders share aspects of phenomenology characterized by compulsive activity, and there is increasing interest in the possibility that OCD and SUD may also share some of the psychobiological features that are thought to contribute towards compulsive behavior.
There is,however, a remarkable lack of consistency in the existing evidence regarding the clinical relationship between OCD and SUD. Although