الفهرس 
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Abstract
Globally, in the current era the consumers are a dire need for safe and healthy broilers exempt from antimicrobial remnants, thus there is a drive for using natural substitutes of feed supplements especially phytobiotics whose optimize productivity, reinforce gut immunity and health of birds, fortify useful microorganisms and decrease harmful consequences of pathogenic microbes.
This experimental study aimed to determine the influence of (the essential oils of black cumin seed, coconut), and probiotics containing bacillus mixtures on productive parameters, indices of economic efficiency, properties of carcass, hematological and biochemical parameters. Total number of broiler chicks is 140 cobb chicks. Four groups, each one containing 35 cobb chicks were randomly distributed and weighed separately. The 1st treatment was control group fed a basal diet without any feed additives, the basal diet of the 2nd treatment was mixed with 1% the essential oil of coconut, the basal diet of the 3rd treatment was provided with 0.1% the extract of black seed, and the basal diet of the 4th treatment was enriched with 1g probiotics containing bacillus strain. In our present trial, we evaluated growth performance (FI, BW, WG, FCR, EPEF), economic efficiency indicators (total cost, total return, net profit, collective and partial efficiency measures), carcass properties ( carcass yield, dressing percent, relative weight of inner organs and immune organs (proventriculus, gizzard, gall bladder, liver, fat of abdomen, spleen, thymus, and bursa), hematological parameters (Hb, PCV, RBCs, WBCs, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Neutrophils and Lymphocytes) and biochemical parameters (lipid profile (Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG), liver functions (AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, ALB) and kidney functions (creatinine, urea and uric acid). All collected variables were analysed economically and statistically through one way ANOVA, determination of correlation matrix, linear and logarithmic regression SPSS/PC+ (Statistical Package for Social Science) “version 25’’ and presented in tables:
Summarizing the results of this experiment as the following: -
1.Impact of various dietary supplementation on Productive performance:
All parameters of growth performance (FI, BW, BWG, FCR, EPEF) among the various groups have a meaningful differences at (P<0.05). The lowest feed intake among various treatments recorded in coconut oil group in overall weeks during fattening cycle (3603.91g). The amount of feed consumption increased in untreated control group, probiotics and then nigella sativa seed oil (3796.58 g, 3779.87 g, 3603.91 g respectively). The highest average body weight was registered for coconut oil, then the extract of nigella seed, probiotics containing bacillus strain, and the untreated group (240 0, 2230, 2290, 1980 g respectively). Supplemented diet with coconut oil and nigella sativa extract obtained the optimal gain of weight in comparison to the untreated and probiotics groups. The average value of feed conversion ratio was low in coconut oil, nigella sativa oil then probiotics inclusion (1.53 ,1.63, 1.74 respectively) while in control group was the highest value (1.95). Results demonstrated that the ideal worth of EPEF was in birds fed diet enriched with 1% CO and 0.1% NSO (412.8, 369.71 respectively) followed by BPs based diet group (337.27) then untreated control group was the lowest in average value of EPEF (267.21).
2.Impact of various dietary supplementation on economic efficiency measures:
The worth of the following economic parameters (TVC, TR, total cost, NP, BCR and partial efficiency) at (P<0.05) among various dietary treatments have a major distinction. Supplemented diet with coconut oil registered the largest average cost (72.51 EGP) while the lowest average cost was in untreated control group and in probiotics-based diet (65.28, 66.93 EGP respectively). The biggest average value of total return and net profit recorded in coconut oil-based diet (105.78, 24.99 EGP respectively) followed by NSO fed diet group (100.73, 20.96 EGP respectively) then bacillus probiotics-based diet group was (98.23, 19.15 EGP respectively). The largest value scored in broilers fed diet containing coconut oil and probiotics (1.30, 1.29 respectively). Coconut oil-based diet (33.66) scored the minimal mean cost value to produce one kilogram from live broiler body weight. The maximum mean value of net profit for each one kilogram of live body weight registered in coconut oil and NSO fed diet groups (10.41, 9.51 respectively) then probiotics-based diet (8.59).
3.Impact of various dietary supplementation on carcass properties:
The percentage of dressing, proventriculus, heart, thymus, and spleen relative weight have a notable distinction at (P<0.05) throughout the various groups. The percentage was largest recorded in broilers fed diet fortified with NSO followed by coconut oil-based diet then bacillus probiotics-based diet (73.5, 72.05, 69.08 % respectively) compared to control group (68.20%). The biggest relative weight of proventriculus and heart was in the untreated group and probiotics containing bacillus strains (0.56, 0.48, 0.58, 0.44% respectively) and the lowest worth registered in the essential extract of coconut and nigella seed treatments (0.51, 0.38, 0.45, 0.39 % respectively).
Birds administered feed enriched with probiotics containing bacillus strain (0.54, 0.15% respectively) own larger mean of spleen and thymus relative weight than the other treatments (CO, NSO).
4.Impact of various dietary supplementation on hematological parameters:
There are marked differences at (p<0.05) on PCV value, WBCS count, neutrophils and lymphocytes counts among supplemented and un supplemented groups. The highest mean value of PCV appeared in the group supplied in the diet with the essential extract of nigella seed and probiotics (32.13, 32.25% respectively) followed by un supplemented control group (30.40%) then birds fed coconut oil diet (29.68%). The result of the present trial determined that the broiler chickens provided with feed containing 1% coconut oil and 0.1% bacillus probiotics attained the highest count of neutrophils (34.2,42 respectively), while count of lymphocytes was larger in NSO based diet group and un supplemented control group (67, 65 respectively) than CO and BPs based diet groups (59.4, 52,8 respectively).
5.Impact of various dietary supplementation on biochemical parameters:
There are a significant influence at (P<0.05) on (Uric acid, creatinine, ALP, ALT) and a slight significant on total cholesterol among different supplementary diet treatments. No significant differences on lipid profile (TG, LDL, HDL), renal function (urea), liver function (AST), total protein and albumin. Broilers fed diet provided with 0.1% NSO and bacillus probiotics (0.21, 0.22 g/dl respectively) significantly reduced creatinine compared to untreated control group (0.26 g/dl) while diet fortified with 1% coconut oil scored (0.29 g/dl) approximately similar value of control group. Inclusion of 1 g of bacillus probiotics and 1% coconut oil recorded uric acid (UA) low in comparison of control group (1.99, 1.63, 2.22 mg/dl respectively) however treated group with NSO scored 2.34. As for ALP level, we found that diet enriched with 0.1% NSO (250) significantly increased in comparison of control group, supplementary diet with coconut oil and bacillus probiotics (172, 185, 195 (U/L) respectively). The level of ALT in serum of treated group with coconut oil, NSO, bacillus probiotics (5.8, 4.8, 3.8 (U/L) respectively) was greatly low compared to control group (9.7).
Correlation matrix among final body weight, total return, total cost, feed additive amount, total feed intake:
The result was classified in strength of correlation (high- medium-low) and direction of correlation (positive- negative).
Productive and cost functions:
Production and cost functions of experimental result were estimated in two forms: linear and logarithmic forms. Productive functions were estimated to expound the relationship between body weight as (dependent variables) and total feed intake and feed additive amount for each supplementary diet group as (dependent variable). These functions elucidated that the most substantial variables affecting body weight are TFI and FAA.
Cost functions were estimated to expound the relationship between total cost as (dependent variables) and total production (for each feed additives on diet) as (dependent variable). Our result explained that the major significant variable that affecting on cost is total production.