الفهرس 
Pediatric UveitisOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Purpose: To outline the long-term ocular sequelae in children diagnosed with presumed parasitic anterior chamber granuloma and received treatment
Methods: A retrospective study that included 84 patients (87 eyes) diagnosed with granulomatous anterior uveitis attributed to being caused by presumed treamtode infection and received the appropriate treatment , separated into three groups: A) Medical treatment. B) Treated with periocular steroids. C) Surgical treatment. Involvement of anterior and posterior segment complications have been documentd and reported.
Results: The median age of the patients was 11± 1 years in average of 7-12 years .(Recurrence rate was higher in group A; 74%). Anterior segment findings were retrocorneal scar, anterior synechia, posterior synechia, complicated cataract (which was higher rate in group B). Posterior segment findings were vitreous floaters , disc swelling and macular edema (which were higher rate in group A).
Conclusion: Presumed trematode-induced anterior chamber granuloma had long-term complications on anterior and posterior segment that threatens visual acuity even after receiving appropriate treatment .
Introduction
Pediatric anterior chamber granulomas have various causes. A newly described cause of AC granuloma is attributed to presumed parasitic infection. This disease has an affinity for children eyes in rural areas after exposure to canal water and characterized by single or multiple pearl-like white nodules in the anterior chamber (AC) , It may be associated with subconjuctival nodule, corneal opacity, keratic precipitates or Anterior chamber reaction. (Rathinam, et al. 2002) (El Nokrashy et al. 2019) (Amin et al. 2017).
The disease appears to be endemic in Egypt with a widespread regional distribution along the river basin. Recently Molecular diagnostic tests like real-time PCR ,Sequencing , and BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) analysis can help in detection of the exact species of helminths (Jefferies et al. 2009; Gomes et al. 2006).
Many different ways of medical and surgical treatment have been tried on those patients, the surgical management showed significant resolution of inflammation and disappearance of granuloma better than medical treatment. (Sherin et al. 2020).
Despite increasing reports on characterization, pattern, and treatment of the disease, there are scarce publications on its complications and sequelae that may affect the visual outcome . Some cases developed complications as rise in intraocular pressure, complicated cataract and posterior synechiae (Venugopal et al.2013)(Menezo and Lightman 2005). One of the most common causes of uveitic diminution of vision is macular edema (Henderly et al. 1987), that may be missed due to media haze secondary to posterior synechiae , vitritis or catarat formation (Okhravi, and Lightman, 2003) . Also, cases left with unresolved granuloma for a long duration showed permanent corneal scar with significant visual acuity affection. A diffuse thickening and edema of ciliry body were found in UBM in many cases as same as hyperreflective lesion (granuloma) was found in some cases (El Hefny, et al. 2021).
In this study, we will investigate the long-term sequelae of Anterior chamber granuloma cases.