الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 141 |  |  |
| | | from | 141 | | |
Abstract
Cancer thyroid is the commonest malignancy of the endocrine system. PTC is the most common kind of thyroid malignancies , accounting for about 80% of cases. Classic variant PTC has two characteristics cardinal features: nuclear features as well as the presence of true papillae. The second most popular kind of cancer thyroid is FC. It represents 6 - 10% of thyroid carcinomas. Follicular carcinoma shows lesion with capsular or vascular invasion but without papillary nuclear features. Follicular adenoma is a benign tumor which express signs follicular differentiation without vascular or capsular invasion also without nuclear features papillary carcinoma. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is familial autoimmune disease showing goitrous enlargement of thyroid , raised antithyroglobulin antibodies as well as antithyroid peroxidase. It occurs mostly in women (90 - 95%), in the age of 45 - 65 years old.
CD56 is a binding glycoprotein that have part in cell–cell binding . It is membranous. It’s Pathophysiology in nerves it Controls homophilic interactions among neurons also among muscle and neurons. Links with fibroblast growth factor receptor also excites the activity of tyrosine kinase receptor in order to encourage neurite outgrowth. In hematopoiesis, It’s a Prototypic marker of Natural Killer cells. It as well presents on the units of CD4+ as well as CD8+ T cells. It collaborates in cell-matrix or cell-cell binding throughout development. CD56 is a neural-cell adhesion particle; hence its expression could influence the ability of migration in tumor cells. So, the absence of CD56 associates with poor prognostic outcome and metastatic potentials in few malignancies.
This study aims to explore CD56 expression in four groups : papillary carcinoma, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma.
CD56 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 40 thyroid specimens divided as 11 PTC, 12 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, 11 follicular adenoma, 6 follicular carcinoma cases. The age distribution was 23 to 58 years, 12 to 53 years, 16 to 49 years
Summary, C onclusions and Recommendations
106
and 33 to 67 years respectively. The gender prevalence was 100% females, 83.3% females and 16.7% males, 100% females and 83.3% females and 16.7% males respectively. According to the laterality of the tumor in papillary carcinoma, 4 cases were situated in the right lobe thyroid, 1 case was in the left lobe thyroid, 3 cases were in both right and left thyroid lobes and 3 cases were in both right & left lobes and isthmus, in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis all cases were diffusely located, while in follicular adenoma 5 cases were situated in the right lobe thyroid and 6 cases were situated in the left lobe thyroid, and in follicular carcinoma 4 cases were situated in the right lobe thyroid and 2 cases were located in the left lobe thyroid respectively. The sizes of the foci were 1 – 3cm in papillary carcinoma, 2- 5.5 cm in follicular adenoma, and 3-6 cm in follicular carcinoma except for the size of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis because it is a diffuse lesion. As regards the type of operation done and the type of specimen for papillary carcinoma 81.8% underwent total thyroidectomy, 9.1% total thyroidectomy with radical neck dissection, 9.1% total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection in papillary carcinoma. In hashimoto’s thyroiditis 100% of cases underwent total thyroidectomy. In follicular adenoma 54.5% underwent total thyroidectomy while 45.5% underwent hemithyroidectomy. In follicular carcinoma 83.3% underwent total thyroidectomy. While 16.7% underwent hemithyroidectomy.
CD56 expression was significantly lost in malignant thyroid diseases like papillary thyroid cancer and follicular thyroid cancer. While its expression was significantly present in benign thyroid diseases, like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis as well as follicular adenoma.