الفهرس 
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Abstract
In this research it can assess certain active compounds such as total phenols, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity and phenolic substances characterization as powder in nettle leaves and seeds. The main goal of this research are to study the impact of nettle leaves and seeds as powder on male albino rats’ biological, biochemical and kidney defect changes. Research the efficacy of different nettle leaves and seeds concentrations 2 and 4 % as powder on improvements in the kidney disease of male albino rats. Some physiological characteristics, such as weight of internal organs, were also assessed in the albino rats studied. And biochemical analysis such as liver functions, kidney functions, lipid profile, glucose level and hematological analysis were also determined.
In this study, 48 grown-up male white rats, ten weeks old, and averring weighed 150gm, were utilized. For seven days straight, all rats received a regular diet in this test. Rats are then placed into eight groups with six rats each after the time of adaptation, as follows:
• group (1): Rats given a regular diet and served as negative control group.
• group (2): A nephrotoxic group rats were given a regular diet and served as a positive control group.
• group (3): A nephrotoxic group rats were given a regular diet and nettle seeds as powder by 2% of the weight of the diet.
• group (4): A nephrotoxic group rats were given a regular diet and nettle seeds as powder by 4% of the weight of the diet.
• group (5): A nephrotoxic group rats were given a regular diet and nettle leaves as powder by 2% of the weight of the diet.
• group (6): A nephrotoxic group rats were given a regular diet and nettle leaves as powder by 4% of the weight of the diet.
• group (7): A nephrotoxic group rats were given a regular diet and mixture of nettle leaves and seeds (1:1) as powder by 2% of the weight of the diet.
• group (8): A nephrotoxic group rats were given a regular diet and mixture of nettle leaves and seeds (1:1) as powder by 4% of the weight of the diet.
The research study lasted for twenty-eight days throughout the time for the investigation. Each rat is weighed independently at the finish of the experiment before being slaughtered and having blood samples collected. Liver, kidney, heart, spleen, and lungs were removed, cleaned in saline solution, and dried then weighed. Kidneys were kept in formalin solution for histopathological examination.
The obtained results could be summarized in the following:
6.1. Chemical composition of nettle leaves, seeds:
1. The moisture, protein, fat, fiber, and energy value of nettle leaves as dry weight was recorded higher values compared with nettle seeds.
2. While the values of fat, and carbohydrates content of nettle seeds were higher compared with nettle leaves as dry weight.
6.2. Identification of phenolic compounds of nettle leaves and seeds:
1. The highest phenolic compounds recorded for rutin, vanillic acid, and chlorogenic acid as compared with nettle seeds.
2. While the lowest phenolic compounds recorded for kaempferol, myricetin, and quercetin as compared with nettle seeds. On the other hand, P-hydro benzoic acid did not detected at these conditions.
II- Biological and biochemical results:
6.3. Effect of nettle leaves, seeds, and their mixture on body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency ratio of nephrotoxic rats:
1. The higher body weight gain (BWG) recorded for negative control group, while positive control group recorded the lower value with a significant difference.
2. The higher body weight gain of treated groups (nephrotoxic groups) recorded for 4 % mixture, while the lower value recorded for 4% nettle leaves with a significant difference.
3. The higher feed intake was recorded for the negative control group, while positive control group recorded the lower value with a significant difference.
4. The maximum feed intake of treated groups (nephrotoxic groups) recorded for 2 % nettle seeds, while the lowest value recorded for 4% nettle leaves with a significant difference.
5. The higher feed efficiency ratio was recorded for the negative control group, while positive control group recorded the lower value with a significant difference.