الفهرس 
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Abstract
This work was performed to evaluate the relative effects of white radish raphavus sativus sub. acanthuriformes (daikon) germinated seeds VS. Red radish raphavus sativus sub sativus germinated seeds as regards their reducing obesity. Side effects on the internal organs as liver, kidney, and fat profile etc. were also recorded. For this work 25 adult male albino rats of Sprague Dawley strain weighing 150± 0.99 obtained from Medical Insects Research Institute, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. Five Rats (control -) where fed all the time on the basal diet, while 20 rats fed on high calorie diet containing 20% animal fat to induce obesity for about three weeks. Feeding intervention continued for 28 days, where 5% of either germinated white radish or red radish seeds powders added. After sacrificing rats, different biological, biochemical and histopathological changes recorded.
The results could be summarized as the following:
1. Body weight gain (BWG) was increased significantly by obesity (from 0.3 to 0.42 g/d) while by feeding on dried powder of germinated white and red radish seeds, BWG decreased greatly. Highest decrease recorded for 5% red radish group (-235.71%) which was even more than the mixture radish 5% group (2.5% white + 2.5% red radish diet).
2. Feed intake (FI) increased apparently (20.5 g/d vs 19.6 g/d) by obesity, while on feeding using white and red germinated radish seeds diets 5% FI reduced. Highest increase recorded for red radish 5% diet.
3. Feed efficiency ratio (FER) of control (+) rats (obese rats feed on basal diet) was somewhat higher (0.02±0.001) than that of control (-) group (0.015±0.001).
4. Biological parameters showed that due to high animal fat diet rats were actually obese.
5. Liver, kidney, heart, spleen and lungs weights were significantly increased in obese rats. Never the less, the weight decreased by feeding intervention and decrement was significant. Lowest internal organs weights recorded for G4 (red radish 5% diet), indicating maximum reduction of inflammations observed by obesity.
6. Due to obesity serum glucose raised appreciably by increased (76.5% increase). Meanwhile due to feeding on dried powders of white and red radish seeds, serum glucose was lowered (40.08 and 65.34 % decrease). Maximum noticed decrease observed in case of red radish diet 5%.
7. Health of thyroid gland evaluated via determining of TSH, T3 &T4 levels in healthy and obese rats. Due to obesity TSH increased while T3&4 reduced. On the contrary by feeding on white or red radish germinated seeds powders diets the reverse was found indicating improvement of thyroid gland function. Superior group was that of red radish 5% group.
8. Triglycerides high level responsible for several diseases, specially cardiovascular disease may be reduced by radish seeds. Therefor powders of radish seeds may be recommended in the patient diet specially, that of the red radish seeds. But white radish seeds powder is also advised, it have pronounced desirable effect considering high triglyceride patients
9. White radish and red radish germinated seeds powders are advised for patients that are inflicted with high cholesterol in blood (TC). In particular, that of the red radish. Numerous people suffer from high TC.
10. High VLDL, high LDL, and low HDL patients are advised to take (GRRS) as they proved to show considerable desirable effects. In particular that of the red radish recommended.
11. (GRRS) is advised for liver patients as this powder lowers appreciably serum AST, ALT, and ALP. (GWRS) is also recommended for patients, but (GRRS) was of great effect.
12. Urea, uric acid and creatinine in serum are raised significantly due to obesity. Meanwhile these levels decreased pronouncedly when inflicted rats fed on diets containing GSP in particular. Nevertheless (GRRS) showed also marked caring effect.
13. Modern serious diseases are attributed to the increase of oxidation process in the body. Nevertheless, GSP and secondly (GRRS) proved to correct such case as indicated by reduction of GSH, GPX &CAT activities in serum.
14. Oxidation was also lowered appreciably when taking GSP mainly and also (GRRS) as indicated by determination of MDA of obese rats.
15. Leptin hormone formed by fat tissue was decreased considerably in obese ratsʼ serum when feeding on diets containing radish seeds in particular GSP. (GRRS) showed also pronounced desirable effect.
16. Histopathological investigations revealed the obesity had pronounced changes in liver and kidneys of rats. Nevertheless, taking germinated radish seeds powders reversed such changes in rats’ liver and kidney which no histopathological changes.