الفهرس 
COPD pathogenesisOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
COPD patients have a higher risk of developing CKD than the general population. [Chen and Liao 2016 ]
Age, diabetes, arterial hypertension and overweight are the most common risk factors for new onset of CKD.
The pathogenesis of CKD includes atherosclerotic damage, due to activation of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant pathways leading to pathologic changes in renal circulation [Pelaia,et al 2020]
Pulmonary cells can produce many cytokines,that reach the systemic circulation and target other organs, and can also produce inflammatory effects.