الفهرس 
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Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. Eradication of P. aeruginosa has become increasingly difficult due to its remarkable capacity to resist antibiotics. Though there are numerous reports on assessing the antibacterial activities of natural sources, few disseminate their efficacy against MDR pathogens and very few against XDR and PDR isolates. This study aimed for evaluating the antibacterial activity of cinnamon oil either alone or combined with ciprofloxacin against XDR and PDR P. aeruginosa. In addition, investigating the essential oil effect on the expression of MexAB-oprM efflux pump genes namely mexA and mexB in P. aeruginosa isolates via RT-qPCR assay.