الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 149 |  |  |
| | | from | 149 | | |
Abstract
SUMMARY
Phenylhydrazine exhibits certain toxic effects on many of body organs via inducing oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Wheat germ oil as antioxidant may ameliorate these toxic effects and protect against it.
So the present study aims to investigate the ameliorative and protective role of wheat germ oil on the toxicity induced by phenylhydrazine.
In the present study, thirty male rats were weighed and divided into five groups (6 rats each), fed on a standard diet and supplied with water ad libitum:
• The first group (control group): Normal untreated rats stayed in the experimental conditions for 14 days.
• The second group; wheat germ oil (WGO) group: Rats administered a daily oral dose of wheat germ oil (300 mg/kg b.w) for 14 days.
• The third group; phenylhydrazine (PHZ) group: Rats injected intraperitonealy by phenylhydrazine (60 mg/kg b.w) divided on 3 days. Then the rats stayed in the experimental conditions for 11 days.
• The fourth group; phenylhydrazine then wheat germ oil (treated) group: Rats injected intraperitonealy by phenylhydrazine (60 mg/kg b.w) divided on 3 days. Then after 3 days administrated a daily oral dose of wheat germ oil (300 mg/kg b.w) for 11 days.
• The fifth group; wheat germ oil then phenylhydrazine (protected) group: Rats administered a daily oral dose of wheat germ oil (300mg/kg b.w) for 11 days and then injected intraperitonealy by phenylhydrazine (60 mg/kg b.w) divided on 3 days.
The rats of each group were weighed at the end of the experimental period (14 days).
Blood samples of six animals of each group were collected from the posterior vena cava into two groups of tubes, the first tubes group were containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as an anticoagulant for determination of hematological parameters while the blood in the second tubes group was allowed to clot without using any anticoagulant for 1-2 h at 37˚C then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes. Sera were separated and stored at –20ºC for determination of biochemical parameters. For DNA extraction, liver tissue was taken from each rat and stored at –20ºC until the extraction.
(1) Body Weight change percentage:
The PHZ group showed significant decreases in final body weight and body weight change percentage compared to the control and the WGO groups. The WGO-treated and protected groups showed significant increases in final body weights and body weight change percentages compared to the PHZ group. The final body weight and body weight change percentage was observed to increase in the WGO-treated group compared to the WGO-protected group.
(2) Hematological Parameters:
Red blood cells (RBCs) count, hemiglobin (Hb) content, hematocrit (Hct) value, blood indices (MCV, MCH and MCHC) values and platelets (PLT) count showed significant increases in wheat germ oil rats group and white blood cells (WBCs) count showed a significant decrease compared to the control rats group. Treatment with phenylhydrazine showed significant decreases in RBCs, Hb, Hct, blood indices and platelets count and a significant increase in WBCs compared to control rats group. Treated and protected rat groups showed significant increases in RBCs, Hb, Hct, blood indices and platelets count and significant decreases in WBCs compared to phenylhydrazine group.
(3) Biochemical parameters:
(a) Serum Erythropoietin and Ferritin:
The PHZ rats group showed significant increases in the levels of serum Erythropoietin and ferritin compared to all the other groups. The WGO-treated and protected groups showed significant decreases in the levels of serum Erythropoietin and ferritin compared to the PHZ group but still high compared to the control and the WGO groups.
(b) Serum lipid profile:
Wheat germ oil rats group showed significant decreases in triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) compared to the control rats group. Phenylhydrazine treatment significantly increased TG, TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and VLDL-C and decreased high-density lipprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in comparison with the control group. Treated and protected rat groups showed significant decreases in TG, TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C and increases in HDL-C compared to the phenylhydrazine rats group.
(c) Serum Proteins:
Phenylhydrazine treatment caused significant decreases in serum total protein, albumin and globulin in comparison with control and wheat germ oil rat groups. Treated and protected rat groups showed significant increases in serum total protein, albumin and globulin compared to the phenylhydrazine group but still low in comparison with the control and wheat germ oil rat groups.
(d ) Liver Function Parameters:
All liver function parameters (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) in serum showed significant increases in phenylhydrazine rats group compared to the control and wheat germ oil rat groups. Treated and protected rat groups showed significant decreases in ALT, AST, Total bilirubin and ALP compared to phenylhydrazine rats group. It was observed that the protective group showed a significant decrease in the level of serum ALT compared to the treated group.
(e ) Kidney Function Parameters:
Wheat germ oil rats group showed a significant decrease in urea compared to control group. All kidney function parameters (creatinine, urea and uric acid) in serum showed significant increases in the phenylhydrazine rats group compared to the control and wheat germ oil rat groups. Treated and protected rat groups showed significant decreases in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid compared to the phenylhydrazine rats group. It was observed that the levels of serum creatinine, urea and uric acid were significantly decreased in the protected rats group compared to the treated rats group.
(f ) Serum Oxidative Stress Parameters:
Wheat germ oil rats group showed a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to control rats group. Phenylhydrazine rats group showed a significant increase in MDA and showed significant decreases in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) compared to the control and wheat germ oil rat groups. Treated and protected rat groups showed significant decreases in MDA and showed significant increases in CAT, SOD and GPx compared to the phenylhydrazine rats group. It was also observed that the levels of serum CAT, SOD and GPx were significantly increased in the protected rats group compared to the treated rats group.
(g) DNA Fragmentation:
In both the control and WGO groups, the genomic DNA appears as a single band as it was not subjected to fragmentation. However, in the PHZ, PHZ then WGO, and WGO then PHZ groups the genomic DNA undergoes fragmentation and presents as fragments with different lengths after separation on agarose gel electrophoresis.
The present study indicated that wheat germ oil has an ameliorative and protective roles against the deleterious effects of phenylhydrazine due to its high contents of antioxidants. It is concluded that the protective role of wheat germ oil is more effective than its treatment role. In the recommendation, wheat germ oil may be useful in ameliorating the toxicity effects induced by phenylhydrazine.