الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Minor discomforts of pregnancy are a series of commonly experienced symptoms that annoy women throughout pregnancy and caused by the effects of pregnancy hormones and the consequences of uterine enlargement as the fetus grows during pregnancy. During pregnancy, hormones, including estrogen, progesterone and prolactin increase rapidly to prepare the uterine environment for the developing fetus. Pregnant women suffer from minor discomforts during pregnancy period such as constipation, heart burn, backache, dyspnea, leg cramps varicose vein, insomnia even though changes are not dangerous but might cause mothers’ discomfort (Anwar et al., 2022).
The present study aimed to assess pregnant women’s knowledge and practice regarding minor discomfort during third trimester. The research questions are what is the knowledge level of pregnant women regarding minor discomfort during third trimester? What is the practice level of pregnant women regarding minor discomfort during third trimester? Moreover, the current study was described under the following four designs: technical, administrative, operational and statistical design and to achieve the study aim.
The study was conducted at ante-natal clinic in .Ain Shams University of Maternity Hospital . A descriptive study design was utilized. Tree hundered fifty three (353 )pregnant women were recruited in this study depending on the inclusion critria . Two tools of data collection were used. The first tool :was structured interview questionnaire sheet Appndiex I): consisted of four parts. Part 1: concerned with general characteristics of women which include age, level of education, residence, occupation status, marital status and physical characteristics. Part 2: included obstetric history as parity, gravidity, previous abortion and follow up.part 3: Concerned with types and occurrence of minor discomfort among studied women during third trimester which include, minor discomfort related to respiratory system (dyspna related to growing uterus,nasal congestion) ,minor discomfort related to gastrointestinal system( heart burn ,hemorrhoids ,constipation, ,extra salivation), minor discomforts related to musculoskeletal system ( leg cramps , swollen leg ,Bach pain, varicose vines) and minor discomfort related to urinary system(urinary frequency )and minor discomfort related to nervous systym (insomnia. (questions from 13- 17). Part 4: Concerned with pregnant women knowledge regarding minor discomfort during third trimester; which include “definition , causes , types (include 5items), (Questions from 18-25).
• source of information (Question number 26)
Additionally, the second tool :included self-care reported practice assessment tool. Appendiex II):It was adapted from (Ibrahim et al., 2021, Aldossary et al., 2018 & Samara Koon et al., 2020) and modified by investigator to assess pregnant women self- reported practice regarding minor discomfort during third trimester including( 12) elements.which include (162)steps.
Results:
43.6 % of the studied sample their age ranged between 18 – 25 years, with the mean age 26.74 ± 4.90 years old whenever, 72.8% of them were from urban areas. Regarding the education, the current study revealed that 53.8% of the studied sample had secondary education in addition, 98.6% of them were married, and 74.5% were housewife.
52.7% of the studied sample, their weight is ranged between (70 – 80) kg with mean weight 72.57 ± 9.01 Kg, while 54.7% of them had normal weight whenever, the height of studied sample ranged between (150 – 160) Cm with mean height 158.7 ± 7.14 Cm.
48.7% of the studied sample was primigravida and 51.0% of them were primipara. The current study also revealed that 97.2%of studied sample didn’t have previous abortion and 66.3% of them had four and more follow-up visit.
Concerning reported minor discomfort by studied women, the current study revealed that 85.3% ,71,7of the studied sample had dyspnea related to growing uterus ,nasal congestion , 88.1%, 85.6% of them had heartburn and constipation 100.0%, 89.2%of them had back pain and swollen legs, also, 68.3%, 62.6 % of them sometimes suffer varicose veins and leg cramps. while 100.0% of them urinary frequency ,regarding minor discomfort related to nervous system 71.2% of them always had insomnia.
The study finding, reveals that, 51% of studied sample had average level of total knowledge score, in addition to 26.9%of them had unsatisfactory level of total knowledge score, while 22.1% of them had satisfactory level of total knowledge score.
The current study, results showed that, 72.2% of the studied sample had unsatisfactory level of total practice score, while 27.8%of them had satisfactory level of total practice score.
The current study represented that ,there was a highly statistically significant relation between total knowledge score of the studied sample and their general characteristics as age and educational level at (P≤ 0.001**). Also, there was statistically significant relation between studied sample total knowledge and their occupation at (P ≤ 0.05*). While, there was no statistically significant relation with their, residence and marital status and at (P > 0.05).
The current study, illustrated that, there was a highly statistically significant relation between total reported practice score of the studied sample and their general characteristics as age and educational level at (P ≤ 0.001**). Also, there was statistically significant relation with their occupation at (P ≤ 0.05*). While, there was no statistically significant relation with their, residence and marital status and at (P > 0.05).
The results, of the current study also illustrated that, there was highly statistically significant relation between total knowledge score and their obstetric history.
The current study showed that, there was a highly statistically significant relation between total reported practice of the studied sample and their obstetric history as gravidity and parity at (p= < 0.001**).
The current study illustrates that, there was a highly statistically significant relation between total body mass index score of the studied sample and their minor discomfort related to respiratory system as dyspnea related growing uterus at (P ≤ 0.001**). Also, there was a highly statistically significant relation with gastrointestinal system as heartburn and hemorrhoids at (P ≤ 0.001**). Moreover, there was a statistically significant relation with musculoskeletal system as leg cramps, swollen legs and varicose veins at (P ≤ 0.05*). While, there was no statistically significant relation with minor discomfort related to gastrointestinal system as constipation and salivation, respiratory system as nasal congestion and nervous system as insomnia at (P > 0.05).
The present study, highlighted that, there was highly significant positive correlation between total knowledge score of the studied sample and their total reported practice score regarding minor discomfort during third trimester (p<0.001**).
Conclusion:
Based on the results the current study ,concluded that more than half of the studied sample had average level of total knowledge score regarding minor discomfort during third trimester and more than one quarter of them had unsatisfactory level , while more than one fifth of them had satisfactory level . In addition that , less than three quarters of them had unsatisfactory level of total reported practice score regarding minor discomfort during third trimester, whilst more than one quarter of them had satisfactory level. Also, there was highly significant positive correlation between total knowledge score of the studied sample and their total reported practice score regarding minor discomfort during third trimester. Additionally, there was a highly statistically significant relation between total body mass index score of the studied sample and their minor discomfort durin third trimester as dyspnea related growing uterus, heartburn and hemorrhoids, leg cramps, swollen legs and varicose veins.
Recommendation:
In the light of the result of the present study, the following recommendations are suggested:
• Design and implement periodically awareness-raising health education program regarding minor discomfort during pregnancy using booklet, guidelines, videos and brochures.
• Raising awareness program for women during pregnancy about self –care practice redarding minor discomfort.
• Further research . Is needed to : evaluate the effect of self care guidelines on pregnant women’s knowledge and prectice regarding minor discomfort during third trimester.
• Assess relation between body mass index and minor discomfort among pregnant women’s during third trimester.
• Replicate the present study in another cites and larger sample size.