الفهرس 
الاستجابه العضليه لممارسه النشاط الرياضييوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
The sports movement witnessed a rapid and effective development during the past years, and this development appeared as an actual result of many changes that occurred in the majority of sports, which prompted the officials in this field to develop training programs for various sports activities so that the participants in them can develop their physical and physical abilities and will not happen. This is only through continuous and effective sports training. Sports training is not limited to high sports levels “the championship sector” only, whether the field of juniors or higher levels, but it also extends to many other sectors in society that are in dire need of sports training as a result of being an educational process to prepare the players physically skillfully, psychologically and morally to a high level.
Many workers in the field of sports training seek to improve and develop the performance of the type of activity practiced, relying on the results of studies and scientific research and the use of different training methods and means in preparing training programs, including the aspects of physical and skill preparation, to achieve the highest level of sports achievement.
Mohamed Lotfy and Ashraf Zain (2003) mention that training on only one activity and for a relatively long period of time may lead to the concentration of its functional effect, as the pressure when performing the exercise is on the working muscles, which increases the possibility of fatigue, so training on other activities Within a single training unit, it may reduce muscle fatigue because by combining several diverse activities, the largest number of muscles can be used and thus a balanced development is achieved, as training units that use more than one activity lead to the participation of more muscle groups in performance, which relieves pressure on A particular muscle or muscle group, and it works on developing the economy in effort and increasing the efficiency of eliminating lactic acid that causes muscle fatigue or reducing its concentration in the blood, which gives preference to training using multi-activity units.
Among the modern exercises are Pilates exercises, named after Joseph Pilates, an English boxer of German origin who developed a fitness approach for his movements and principles. And it’s not just a set of exercises.
Pilates exercises are a set of physical movements designed to strengthen the body and achieve its balance, accompanied by breathing patterns that develop the following physical elements (strength - endurance - balance - flexibility) and also works to rehabilitate the body in all respects.
With the emergence of this method of ”Pilates” training, many researchers and specialists have studied the effects of this method on many variables. ”Tom Barenosik” (2005) studied ”the effect of four weeks of Pilates training on girls’ body composition,” Smith and others, Smith et al. (2006) studying “Basic Pilates therapeutic exercises and their effect on non-chronic lower back pain and functional ability.” Salwa Sayed Musa (2007) studying the interrelationship between psychological, physiological and physical states as a product of Pilates exercises for mothers of children with special needs. Alia Adel Shams El-Din (2009) with a study of “the effectiveness of a program of Pilates training on cardio-respiratory fitness and some components of kinetic fitness and performance level in modern dance”, Sherine Ahmed Youssef (2009) with a study of “the effect of using Pilates exercises on nervous stress and some physical variables.” and skill in fencing”, and “Gibson al Rogers k” (2009) with a study of “8 weeks of Pilates and its effect on the physical fitness of adults”.
from the above it is clear that the research problem lies in its importance in that it is a directed scientific attempt through the use of Pilates exercises that depend on the development of some physical abilities and linking them in the form of a proposed training program to develop some physical variables related to the performance of the level of skill performance on the ground movements device in gymnastics.
The researcher, through his follow-up to the gymnastics team at Golden Academy, noticed when they performed gymnastics skills, especially the skill (the frontal air cycle - the back somersault) on the floor movement device, their weak ability to perform properly and the emergence of many technical errors in performance, which impedes the continuity and smoothness of movements, but loses the skill its correct form.
Therefore, the researcher saw the necessity of upgrading the training programs used and using one of the specialized exercises, such as Pilates exercises, because of its advantages that help to reach the youngsters to the best performance in implementing the skills related to the nature of performance in gymnastics, including the skills of (pneumatic cycle - back somersault) (under research) to reach To the final degree that allows them to perform with the highest specifications of the mechanism, accuracy and streamlining to achieve the best possible level of performance.
Research objective:
This research aims to develop a set of Pilates exercises and know their effectiveness on: -
1- Some physical abilities represented in (muscular ability of the legs - flexibility - dynamic balance) for female gymnasts.
2- The skill level of performance on the floor movement device, represented in the skill (Pneumatic Cycle - Back Somersault) on the floor movement device for junior gymnasts. (Generous)
Research hypotheses :
1- There are statistically significant differences between the tribal and remote measurements for each of the experimental and control groups in some physical abilities (under research).
2- There were statistically significant differences between the tribal and remote measurements for each of the experimental and control groups in the level of skill performance on the ground motion apparatus (under research) in favor of the post measurement.
3- There are differences in the rate of change between the dimensional measurements of tribalism for the experimental and control groups in the physical abilities and the level of skill performance on the ground movement apparatus (under research) in favor of the dimensional measurement.
Search terms:
Pilates training: Pilates
It is a set of physical movements designed to develop the flexibility, strength and endurance of the body and achieve its balance, accompanied by patterns of breathing, and its effect is not limited to the physical aspect only, but extends to the rehabilitation of the body in all respects.
Research procedures:
Research method:
The researcher used the experimental method by using the experimental design for the pre and post measurement of two groups, one experimental and the other controlling, due to its relevance to the nature of this research.
Research sample:
The research sample was chosen in a deliberate way from gymnastics juniors under (9) years old at the Golden Gymnastics Academy in Sharkia Governorate, who are registered in the records of the Egyptian Gymnastics Federation. A player was excluded for irregular training, and an injured youth, in addition to the exclusion of (6) young women for the pilot study to become the basic sample on which the training program will be applied (12) young people who were divided into two equal groups (experimental group - control group).
Data collection methods:
The means that fit with the nature of this study were determined by reviewing the references, research and previous studies. These tools were divided into:
The devices used.
1- The restometer: to measure the length (to the nearest cm).
2- Medical scale: to know the weight (to the nearest kilogram).
3- Blood pressure device (to measure systolic and diastolic blood pressure).
4- Stethoscope.
5- Dry aspirometer (to measure vital capacity).
The researcher has calibrated all the measuring devices with others before using them.
Physical exams used:
- Stability wide jump test (to measure the muscular power of the legs)
- Adjusted bass test (measurement of dynamic balance)
Bridge test (measuring flexibility)
- 20m sprint test (to measure speed).
Expert opinion survey forms:
The researcher conducted personal interviews and designed questionnaires to survey the opinion of experts specialized in the field of physical education (training - gymnastics), and he surveyed their opinion about:
The most important qualitative exercises used in the training program for junior gymnasts.
Determining the most important physical abilities of the two skills (under research).
The most appropriate tests that measure physical abilities.
Determine the time period for implementing the program and the time of the training unit.
Suggested Pilates exercises:
Suggested content of the exercises:
Exercises that develop and improve flexibility and balance, strengthen and lengthen muscles without causing an increase in their size and increase the level of energy. They also target all muscles of the body and use body weight as resistance. They depend on basic principles (focus - control - breathing - centrality - accuracy - compatibility) and take into account the correct position of the muscles (Head - Neck - Shoulders - Abdomen - Feet).
The survey:
The researcher conducted the exploratory study to find the scientific coefficients (honesty - reliability) for the tests under discussion on Sunday, 7/2/2021 AD, and the second measurement on Thursday, corresponding to 11/2/2021 AD, on the exploratory sample consisting of (6) junior gymnasts for the age group (8). ) Years.
Implementation of the basic research experiment:
Tribal measurements:
Tribal measurements were carried out on Friday 12/2/2021 on the two basic research groups (experimental - control) and the strength of each of them (6) originating from some abilities (physical - skill) (under research).
Basic experience:
The proposed qualitative training program was applied to the experimental group starting from Saturday 13/2/2021AD to Monday 12/4/2021AD over a period of (8) continuous weeks with three training units per week with a time of (60) minutes.
Dimensional measurements:
The dimensional measurements were carried out on Tuesday 13/4/2021 AD for the members of the basic research sample (experimental - control) and their strength (12) young, taking into account the following:
To take all the measurements under consideration for the members of the research sample in one way and in the same sequence and order (physical - skill variables).
- To use the same devices and tools that were measured for all members of the sample.
Statistical treatments:
Due to the small size of the sample, the researcher used both parametric and non-parametric statistics:
- SMA. - Mediator. - standard deviation - skew modulus
- Pearson correlation coefficient - t-test - t-test for one group
T-test for the two groups to indicate the differences between the pre and post measurements for each group
- Test (t) to indicate the differences between the two research groups - percentage of improvement.
Conclusions and recommendations:
First, the conclusions:
Within the limits of the research sample and its characteristics, and the method used, and according to what the results of the statistical analysis indicated. The researcher was able to reach the following conclusions:
1- The effectiveness of Pilates exercises, which appeared as a result of the statistically significant differences between the tribal and remote measures of the experimental group that used Pilates exercises in favor of the dimensional measurement in physical abilities ( ) and the level of skill performance for the skills of the front air cycle and the back somersault on the floor movement device for the gymnasts under discussion
2- There were statistically significant differences between the tribal and remote measures of the control group in favor of the post-measurement in physical abilities and the level of skill performance under study.
3- There were statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group in the physical abilities under study and the level of skill performance under study.
4- The experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of improvement in all physical abilities and the level of skill performance in question.
5- Pilates exercises led to positive changes for the experimental group, which led to an improvement in the level of physical abilities and the level of skill performance, which led to the development of the performance level for female gymnasts.
Second: Recommendations
In light of the research and its conclusions, the researcher recommends the following:
1- The necessity of using the proposed program for Pilates exercises when the results of the study showed the development of physical abilities and the level of skill performance on the floor movement system for female gymnasts.
2- The necessity of activating the role of Pilates training in the sports field in general and in gymnastics in particular.
3- The necessity of paying attention to the use of Pilates exercises when developing training programs in gymnastics to raise the level of physical efficiency and the level of skillful performance.
4- Conducting similar research on other skills and equipment and on different samples in gymnastics to confirm the effectiveness of the importance of the Pilates training.